Chang-Seong Moon

This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.

The inert 2-Higgs Doublet Model (i2HDM) is a well-motivated minimal consistent Dark Matter (DM) model, but it is rather challenging to test at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the parameter space allowed by relic density and DM direct detection constraints. This is especially true when considering the latest XENON 1T data on direct DM searches which we use here to present the best current combined limit on the i2HDM parameter space. In this analysis, we present prospects to advance the exploitation of DM mono-jet signatures from the i2HDM at the LHC, by emphasising that a shape analysis of the missing transverse momentum distribution allows one to sizably improve the LHC discovery potential. As a key element of our analysis, we explore the validity of using an effective vertex, $ggH$, for the coupling of the Higgs boson to gluons using a full one-loop computation. We have found sizeable differences between the two approaches, especially in the high missing transverse momentum region, and incorporated the respective K-factors to obtain the correct kinematical distributions. As a result, we delineate a realistic search strategy and present the improved current and projected LHC sensitivity to the i2HDM parameter space.

The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for several applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. In addition to high time resolution and thanks to the AC-coupling of the electrodes, LGAD silicon sensors can provide high resolution in the measurement of spatial coordinates of an incident minimum ionizing particle. Such AC-coupled LGADs, also known as AC-LGADs, are therefore considered as candidates for future detectors to provide 4-dimensional measurements in a single sensing device with 100$\%$ fill factor. This article presents the first characterization of an AC-LGAD sensor with a proton beam of 120 GeV momentum at Fermilab. The sensor consists of strips with 80 $\mu$m width, fabricated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The signal properties, efficiency, spatial, and time resolution are presented. The experimental results show that the time resolution of such an AC-LGAD is compatible to standard LGADs with similar gain, and that AC-LGADs can be segmented with fine pitches as standard strip or pixel detectors.

The development of an innovative position sensitive pixelated sensor to detect and measure with high precision the coordinates of the ionizing particles is proposed. The silicon avalanche pixel sensors (APiX) is based on the vertical integration of avalanche pixels connected in pairs and operated in coincidence in fully digital mode and with the processing electronics embedded on the chip. The APiX sensor addresses the need to minimize the material budget and related multiple scattering effects in tracking systems requiring a high spatial resolution in the presence of a large occupancy. The expected operation of the new sensor features: low noise, low power consumption and suitable radiation tolerance. The APiX device provides on-chip digital information on the position of the coordinate of the impinging charged particle and can be seen as the building block of a modular system of pixelated arrays, implementing a sparsified readout. The technological challenges are the 3D integration of the device under CMOS processes and integration of processing electronics.

A shadow of the Moon, with a statistical significance of $5\ensuremath{\sigma},$ has been observed in the underground muon flux at a depth of 2090 mwe using the Soudan 2 detector. The angular resolution of the detector is well described by a Gaussian with a sigma $<~0.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ The position of the shadow confirms that the alignment of the detector is known to better than $0.15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and has remained stable during ten years of data taking.

The analog front-end for the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) based precision timing application in the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) has been prototyped in a 65 nm CMOS mini-ASIC named ETROC0. Serving as the very first prototype of ETL readout chip (ETROC), ETROC0 aims to study and demonstrate the performance of the analog frontend, with the goal to achieve 40 to 50 ps time resolution per hit with LGAD (therefore reach about 30ps per track with two detector-layer hits per track). ETROC0 consists of preamplifier and discriminator stages, which amplifies the LGAD signal and generates digital pulses containing time of arrival and time over threshold information. This paper will focus on the design considerations that lead to the ETROC front-end architecture choice, the key design features of the building blocks, the methodology of using the LGAD simulation data to evaluate and optimize the front-end design. The ETROC0 prototype chips have been extensively tested using charge injection and the measured performance agrees well with simulation. The initial beam test results are also presented, with time resolution of around 33 ps observed from the preamplifier waveform analysis and around 41 ps from the discriminator pulses analysis. A subset of ETROC0 chips have also been tested to a total ionizing dose of 100 MRad with X-ray and no performance degradation been observed.

The Pixel Detector is the innermost detector of the tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) . It precisely determines the interaction point (primary vertex) of the events and the possible secondary vertexes due to heavy flavours (b and c quarks); it is part of the overall tracking system that allows reconstructing the tracks of the charged particles in the events and combined with the magnetic field to measure their momentum. The pixel detector allows measuring the tracks in the region closest to the interaction point. The Level-1 (real-time) pixel based tracking trigger is a novel trigger system that is currently being studied for the LHC upgrade. An important goal is developing real-time track reconstruction algorithms able to cope with very high rates and high flux of data in a very harsh environment. The pixel detector has an especially crucial role in precisely identifying the primary vertex of the rare physics events from the large pile-up (PU) of events. The goal of adding the pixel information already at the real-time level of the selection is to help reducing the total level-1 trigger rate while keeping an high selection capability. This is quite an innovative and challenging objective for the experiments upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) . The special case here addressed is the CMS experiment. This document describes exercises focusing on the development of a fast pixel track reconstruction where the pixel track matches with a Level-1 electron object using a ROOT-based simulation framework.

Abstract We present an application of Scalable Deep Learning to analyze simulation data of the LHC proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. We built a Deep Learning model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which utilizes detector responses as two-dimensional images reflecting the geometry of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. The model discriminates signal events of the R-parity violating Supersymmetry (RPV SUSY) from the background events with multiple jets due to the inelastic QCD scattering (QCD multi-jets). With the CNN model, we obtained x1.85 efficiency and x1.2 expected significance with respect to the traditional cut-based method. We demonstrated the scalability of the model at a Large Scale with the High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) up to 1024 nodes.

Forest disturbance has well-characterized effects on soil microbial communities in tropical and northern hemisphere ecosystems, but little is known regarding effects of disturbance in temperate forests of the southern hemisphere. To address this question, we collected soils from intact and degraded Eucalyptus forests along an east-west transect across Tasmania, Australia, and characterized prokaryotic and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing. Forest degradation altered soil microbial community composition and function, with consistent patterns across soil horizons and regions of Tasmania. Responses of prokaryotic communities included decreased relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, nitrifying archaea, and methane-oxidizing prokaryotes in the degraded forest sites, while fungal responses included decreased relative abundance of some saprotrophic taxa (e.g. litter saprotrophs). Forest degradation also reduced network connectivity in prokaryotic communities and increased the importance of dispersal limitation in assembling both prokaryotic and fungal communities, suggesting recolonization dynamics drive microbial composition following disturbance. Further, changes in microbial functional groups reflected changes in soil chemical properties-reductions in nitrifying microorganisms corresponded with reduced NO3-N pools in the degraded soils. Overall, our results show that soil microbiota are highly responsive to forest degradation in eucalypt forests and demonstrate that microbial responses to degradation will drive changes in key forest ecosystem functions.

In recent years, there have been studies to further improve the end-to-end neural speaker diarization (EEND) systems. This letter proposes the EEND-DEMUX model, a novel framework utilizing demultiplexed speaker embeddings. In this work, we focus on disentangling speaker-relevant information in the latent space and then transform each separated latent variable into its corresponding speech activity. EEND-DEMUX can directly obtain separated speaker embeddings through the demultiplexing operation in the inference phase without an external speaker diarization system, an embedding extractor, or a heuristic decoding technique. Furthermore, we employ a multi-head cross-attention mechanism to capture the correlation between mixture and separated speaker embeddings effectively. We formulate three loss functions based on matching, orthogonality, and sparsity constraints to learn robust demultiplexed speaker embeddings. The experimental results on the LibriMix dataset show consistently improved performance in both a fixed and flexible number of speakers scenarios.

The ETROC (Endcap Timing Readout Chip) is being developed for the LGAD-based CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) at HL-LHC. The ETL on each side of the interaction region will be instrumented with a two-disk system of MIP-sensitive LGAD silicon devices to be read out by ETROCs for precision timing measurement with down to 30 ps timing resolution. The ETROC is designed to handle a 16 x 16 pixel cell matrix, with each pixel cell being 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm to match the LGAD sensor pixel size. Approximately 15% of the sensors near the highest eta region will experience hadron fluence above 1e15 neq/cm² towards end of operation of HL-LHC, resulting in small signal amplitude with LGAD gain reduced to around 10. For this reason, the front-end design for preamplifier and discriminator has been specifically optimized for the reduced LGAD signals, with enough flexibilities to meet the ETL specific needs for time resolution, power budget and radiation profile.

We present the most recent measurements of top quark pairs production and top quark properties in proton-antiproton collisions with center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using CDF II detector at the Tevatron. The combination of top pair production cross section measurements and the direct measurement of top quark width are reported. The test of Standard Model predictions for top quark decaying into b-quarks, performed by measuring the ratio R between the top quark branching fraction to b-quark and the branching fraction to any type of down quark is shown. The extraction of the CKM matrix element |Vtb| from the ratio R is discussed. We also present the latest measurements on the forward-backward asymmetry (AFB) in top anti-top quark production. With the full CDF Run II data set, the measurements are performed in top anti-top decaying to final states that contain one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons). In addition, we combine the results of the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry in tt‾ system between the two final states. All the results show deviations from the next-to-leading order (NLO) standard model (SM) calculation.

We present the most recent measurements of single top quark production cross section by the CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The data were collected at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 9.7 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-antiproton ($p\bar p$) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 4.9 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2011 and up to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV in 2012. The measurements of single top quark production in $s$-channel, $t$-channel and associated production of a top quark and a $W$-boson ($tW$ production) are presented separately and lower limits on the CKM matrix element $|V_{tb}|$ from the single top quark cross section are set.

We present the recent results of top-quark physics using up to 6 fb$^{-1}$ of $p \bar p$ collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt s$ = 1.96 TeV analyzed by the CDF collaboration. Thanks to this large data sample, precision top quark measurements are now a reality at the Tevatron. Further, several new physics signals could appear in this large dataset. We will present the latest measurements of top quark intrinsic properties as well as direct searches for new physics in the top sector.

This report presents results from a background measurement campaign for the CODEX-b proposal undertaken in August, 2018. The data were recorded in the DELPHI side of the LHCb cavern behind a 3.2~m concrete shield wall, during Run~2 proton-proton collisions with the goal of calibrating the simulation for the full CODEX-b detector. The maximum flux rate in the DELPHI side of the cavern was found to be around 0.6~mHz/cm$^2$ across a vertical plane just behind the shield wall, parallel to the beam line. A detailed simulation under development within the LHCb {\tt Gauss} framework is described. This includes shielding elements pertinent for CODEX-b's acceptance -- the LHCb detector, the shield wall and cavern infrastructure. Additional flux from tracks not in the line of sight from the interaction point, but bent by the magnetic fields, are incorporated. Overall, the simulation overestimates the background flux compared to the measurement. Several cross-checks and avenues for further investigations are described.

Using a simple continuous optical technique, coupled with measurements of zeta potential, the flocculation characteristics of kaoline suspensions of different content(15, 35 and 55 NTU) by several cationic polyelectrolytes, has been examined. The optimum mixing is obtained under a constant stirring of 200 rpm, differently from a general flocculation test. The charge density of a polyelectrolyte is important in determining the optimum dosage and in the removal of kaoline particles. The optimum dosage is less for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and is the same regardless of kaoline content. At the dosage, the removal of kaoline particles is higher for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and zeta potential of kaoline particles reaches to near zero. The rate of adsorption and flocculation rate have been found to be affected by charge density and molecular weight of a polyelelctrolyte and the content of kaoline particles.

The Pixel Detector is the innermost detector of the tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It precisely determines the interaction point (primary vertex) of the events and the possible secondary vertexes due to heavy flavours ($b$ and $c$ quarks); it is part of the overall tracking system that allows reconstructing the tracks of the charged particles in the events and combined with the magnetic field to measure their impulsion. The pixel detector allows measuring the tracks in the region closest to the interaction point. The Level-1 (real-time) pixel based tracking trigger is a novel trigger system that is currently being studied for the LHC upgrade. An important goal is developing real-time track reconstruction algorithms able to cope with very high rates and high flux of data in a very harsh environment. The pixel detector has an especially crucial role in precisely identifying the primary vertex of the rare physics events from the large pile-up (PU) of events. The goal of adding the pixel information already at the real-time level of the selection is to help reducing the total level-1 trigger rate while keeping an high selection capability. This is quite an innovative and challenging objective for the experiments upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The special case here addressed is the CMS experiment. This document describes exercises focusing on the development of a fast pixel track reconstruction where the pixel track matches with a Level-1 electron object using a ROOT-based simulation framework.

We present the most recent measurements of top quark pairs production and top quark properties in proton-antiproton collisions with center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using CDF II detector at the Tevatron. The combination of top pair production cross section measurements and the direct measurement of top quark width are reported. The test of Standard Model predictions for top quark decaying into $b$-quarks, performed by measuring the ratio $R$ between the top quark branching fraction to $b$-quark and the branching fraction to any type of down quark is shown. The extraction of the CKM matrix element $|V_{tb}|$ from the ratio $R$ is discussed. We also present the latest measurements on the forward-backward asymmetry ($A_{FB}$) in top anti-top quark production. With the full CDF Run II data set, the measurements are performed in top anti-top decaying to final states that contain one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons). In addition, we combine the results of the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry in $t\bar t$ system between the two final states. All the results show deviations from the next-to-leading order (NLO) standard model (SM) calculation.

We present feasibility studies to investigate the performance and interest of a Level-1 trigger based on pixels. The Level-1 (real-time) pixel based tracking trigger is a novel trigger system that is based on real-time track reconstruction algorithms able to cope with very high rates and high flux of data in a very harsh environment. The pixel detector has an especially crucial role in precisely identifying the primary vertex of rare physics events from the large pile-up of events. The goal of adding the pixel information already at the real-time level of the selection is to help reducing the total Level-1 trigger rate while keeping a high selection capability. This is quite an innovative and challenging objective for the upgrade of the experiments for the High Luminosity LHC.

The amine functionalized material 1-dmen shows a record high working capacity for CO 2 capture at low regeneration temperatures compared with other MOFs.Furthermore, this performance is maintained upon exposure to humidity.3706 Carbene catalyzed umpolung of a,b-enals: a reactivity study of diamino dienols vs. azolium enolates, and the characterization of advanced reaction intermediates Veera Reddy Yatham, J örg-M.Neud örfl, Nils E. Schl örer and Albrecht Berkessel * NMR/X-ray evidence is provided for hitherto postulated reactivity patterns of homoenolate vs. azolium enolate intermediates in NHC-catalyzed umpolung of enals.

We present the most recent measurements of single top quark production cross section by the CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The data were collected at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 9.7 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-antiproton ($p\bar p$) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 4.9 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2011 and up to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV in 2012. The measurements of single top quark production in $s$-channel, $t$-channel and associated production of a top quark and a $W$-boson ($tW$ production) are presented separately and lower limits on the CKM matrix element $|V_{tb}|$ from the single top quark cross section are set.

We present the most recent measurements of top quark pairs production and top quark properties in proton-antiproton collisions with center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using CDF II detector at the Tevatron. The combination of top pair production cross section measurements and the direct measurement of top quark width are reported. The test of Standard Model predictions for top quark decaying into $b$-quarks, performed by measuring the ratio $R$ between the top quark branching fraction to $b$-quark and the branching fraction to any type of down quark is shown. The extraction of the CKM matrix element $|V_{tb}|$ from the ratio $R$ is discussed. We also present the latest measurements on the forward-backward asymmetry ($A_{FB}$) in top anti-top quark production. With the full CDF Run II data set, the measurements are performed in top anti-top decaying to final states that contain one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons). In addition, we combine the results of the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry in $t\bar t$ system between the two final states. All the results show deviations from the next-to-leading order (NLO) standard model (SM) calculation.

The Pixel Detector is the innermost detector of the tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It precisely determines the interaction point (primary vertex) of the events and the possible secondary vertexes due to heavy flavours ($b$ and $c$ quarks); it is part of the overall tracking system that allows reconstructing the tracks of the charged particles in the events and combined with the magnetic field to measure their impulsion. The pixel detector allows measuring the tracks in the region closest to the interaction point. The Level-1 (real-time) pixel based tracking trigger is a novel trigger system that is currently being studied for the LHC upgrade. An important goal is developing real-time track reconstruction algorithms able to cope with very high rates and high flux of data in a very harsh environment. The pixel detector has an especially crucial role in precisely identifying the primary vertex of the rare physics events from the large pile-up (PU) of events. The goal of adding the pixel information already at the real-time level of the selection is to help reducing the total level-1 trigger rate while keeping an high selection capability. This is quite an innovative and challenging objective for the experiments upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The special case here addressed is the CMS experiment. This document describes exercises focusing on the development of a fast pixel track reconstruction where the pixel track matches with a Level-1 electron object using a ROOT-based simulation framework.

We present the recent results of top-quark physics using up to 6 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at a center of mass energy of {radical}s = 1.96 TeV analyzed by the CDF collaboration. Thanks to this large data sample, precision top quark measurements are now a reality at the Tevatron. Further, several new physics signals could appear in this large dataset. We will present the latest measurements of top quark intrinsic properties as well as direct searches for new physics in the top sector.

to measure a t$$\bar{t}$$ ross-section of σ t$$\bar{t}$$ = 8.4_ $$+3.2\atop{-2.7}$$ (stat)_ $$+1.5\atop{- 1.1}$$ (syst) ± 0.5 (lum)pb. This is in a good agreement with the Standard Model prediction of σ$$t\bar{t}$$ = 6.7_ $$+0.71\atop{- 0.88}$$ pb, for a top quark mass of 175 GeV/c2 . Also few kinematical distributions are compared with the Standard Model and found to agree well.

We present the recent results of top-quark physics using up to 6 fb$^{-1}$ of $p \bar p$ collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt s$ = 1.96 TeV analyzed by the CDF collaboration. Thanks to this large data sample, precision top quark measurements are now a reality at the Tevatron. Further, several new physics signals could appear in this large dataset. We will present the latest measurements of top quark intrinsic properties as well as direct searches for new physics in the top sector.

We present feasibility studies to investigate the performance and interest of a Level-1 trigger based on pixels.The Level-1 (real-time) pixel based tracking trigger is a novel trigger system that is based on real-time track reconstruction algorithms able to cope with very high rates and high flux of data in a very harsh environment.The pixel detector has an especially crucial role in precisely identifying the primary vertex of rare physics events from the large pile-up of events.The goal of adding the pixel information already at the real-time level of the selection is to help reducing the total Level-1 trigger rate while keeping a high selection capability.This is quite an innovative and challenging objective for the upgrade of the experiments for the High Luminosity LHC.

We report the largest scale deep learning with High Performance Computing (HPC) to physics analysis with the CMS simulation data in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. We build a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that takes low-level information as images considering the geometry of the CMS detector and use this model to discriminate \textit{R}-parity violating super symmetry (RPV SUSY) events from the background events with inelastic quantum process from the Standard Model (QCD multi-jet). We compare the classification performance of the CNN method with that of the widely used cut-based method. The signal efficiency (and expected significance) of the CNN method is 1.85 (1.2) times higher than that of the cut-based method. To speed-up the training, the model training is conducted using the Nurion HPC system at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, which is equipped with thousands of parallel \texttt{Xeon Phi} CPUs. Notably, our CNN model shows scalability up to 1024 nodes.

The experiments at LHC are implementing novel and challenging detector upgrades for the High Luminosity LHC, among which the tracking systems. This paper reports on performance studies, illustrated by an electron trigger, using a simplified pixel tracker. To achieve a real-time trigger (e.g. processing HL-LHC collision events at 40 MHz), simple algorithms are developed for reconstructing pixel-based tracks and track isolation, utilizing look-up tables based on pixel detector information. Significant gains in electron trigger performance are seen when pixel detector information is included. In particular, a rate reduction up to a factor of 20 is obtained with a signal selection efficiency of more than 95\% over the whole $\eta$ coverage of this detector. Furthermore, it reconstructs p-p collision points in the beam axis (z) direction, with a high precision of 20 $\mu$m resolution in the very central region ($|\eta| < 0.8$), and, up to 380 $\mu$m in the forward region (2.7 $< |\eta| <$ 3.0). This study as well as the results can easily be adapted to the muon case and to the different tracking systems at LHC and other machines beyond the HL-LHC. The feasibility of such real-time processing of the pixel information is mainly constrained by the Level-1 trigger latency of the experiment. How this might be overcome by the Front-End ASIC design, new processors, and embedded Artificial Intelligence algorithms is briefly tackled as well.

At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will face a harsh environment with a high instantaneous luminosity up to 7x10$^{34}$/cm$^2$/s corresponding to an average of 140-200 multiple proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing. The main goal of the CMS Level 1 (L1) trigger upgrade for the HL-LHC is to maintain trigger thresholds that are as low as possible and comparable to those currently in use at the LHC, and to possibly include new triggers that were not feasible at the LHC. This will be achieved by upgrading the detector readout electronics, to allow a much larger L1 trigger rate, and by including, for the first time, tracking information in the L1 trigger. Examples of how this tracking information can be used to reduce the L1 trigger rates are presented.

At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will face a harsh environment with a high instantaneous luminosity up to 7x10 34 /cm 2 /s corresponding to an average of 140-200 multiple proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing.The main goal of the CMS Level 1 (L1) trigger upgrade for the HL-LHC is to maintain trigger thresholds that are as low as possible and comparable to those currently in use at the LHC, and to possibly include new triggers that were not feasible at the LHC.This will be achieved by upgrading the detector readout electronics, to allow a much larger L1 trigger rate, and by including, for the first time, tracking information in the L1 trigger.Examples of how this tracking information can be used to reduce the L1 trigger rates are presented.

This report presents results from a background measurement campaign for the CODEX-b proposal undertaken in August, 2018. The data were recorded in the DELPHI side of the LHCb cavern behind a 3.2~m concrete shield wall, during Run~2 proton-proton collisions with the goal of calibrating the simulation for the full CODEX-b detector. The maximum flux rate in the DELPHI side of the cavern was found to be around 0.6~mHz/cm$^2$ across a vertical plane just behind the shield wall, parallel to the beam line. A detailed simulation under development within the LHCb {\tt Gauss} framework is described. This includes shielding elements pertinent for CODEX-b's acceptance -- the LHCb detector, the shield wall and cavern infrastructure. Additional flux from tracks not in the line of sight from the interaction point, but bent by the magnetic fields, are incorporated. Overall, the simulation overestimates the background flux compared to the measurement. Several cross-checks and avenues for further investigations are described.

At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will face a harsh environment with a high instantaneous luminosity up to 7x10$^{34}$/cm$^2$/s corresponding to an average of 140-200 multiple proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing. The main goal of the CMS Level 1 (L1) trigger upgrade for the HL-LHC is to maintain trigger thresholds that are as low as possible and comparable to those currently in use at the LHC, and to possibly include new triggers that were not feasible at the LHC. This will be achieved by upgrading the detector readout electronics, to allow a much larger L1 trigger rate, and by including, for the first time, tracking information in the L1 trigger. Examples of how this tracking information can be used to reduce the L1 trigger rates are presented.

The upgrades of the CMS and ATLAS experiments for the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will employ precision timing detectors based on Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). We present a suite of results combining measurements from the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, a beta source telescope, and a probe station, allowing full characterization of the HPK type 3.1 production of LGAD prototypes developed for these detectors. We demonstrate that the LGAD response to high energy test beam particles is accurately reproduced with a beta source. We further establish that probe station measurements of the gain implant accurately predict the particle response and operating parameters of each sensor, and conclude that the uniformity of the gain implant in this production is sufficient to produce full-sized sensors for the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors.

East Broad Top Railroad & Coal Company, State 994, West of U.S. 522, Rockhill Face, Huntingdon County, PA Значение: Одна из последних узкоколейных паровых железных дорог в США, торговый комплекс EBT в Рокхилл-Фэйс включает в себя цех интактных машин, кузнечный цех, литейный цех, поворотный и крытый цеха, а также депо и вспомогательные здания.

Using a simple continuous optical technique, coupled with measurements of zeta potential, the flocculation characteristics of kaoline suspensions of different content(15, 35 and 55 NTU) by several cationic polyelectrolytes, has been examined. The optimum mixing is obtained under a constant stirring of 200 rpm, differently from a general flocculation test. The charge density of a polyelectrolyte is important in determining the optimum dosage and in the removal of kaoline particles. The optimum dosage is less for the polyelectrolye of higher charge density and is the same regardless of kaoline content. At the dosage, the removal of kaoline particles is higher for the polyelectrolye of higher charge density and zeta potential of kaoline particles reaches to near zero. The rate of adsorption and flocculation rate have been found to be affected by charge density and molecular weight of a polyelelctrolyte and the content of kaoline particles.