Christopher Hill

We present the report of the hadronic working group of the BOOST2010 workshop held at the University of Oxford in June 2010. The first part contains a review of the potential of hadronic decays of highly boosted particles as an aid for discovery at the LHC and a discussion of the status of tools developed to meet the challenge of reconstructing and isolating these topologies. In the second part, we present new results comparing the performance of jet grooming techniques and top tagging algorithms on a common set of benchmark channels. We also study the sensitivity of jet substructure observables to the uncertainties in Monte Carlo predictions.

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments --- as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER --- to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the High-Luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity "dark showers", highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.

A Nation of Change and Novelty (1990) ranges broadly over the political and literary terrain of the seventeenth century, examining the importance of the English Revolution as a decisive event in English and European history. It emphasises the historical significance of the English Revolution, exploring not only its causes but also its long term consequences, basing both in a broad social context and viewing it as a necessary condition of England’s having nurtured the first Industrial Revolution.

New Jefferson Lab data are presented on the nuclear dependence of the inclusive cross section from $^{2}\mathrm{H}$, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ for $0.3<x<0.9$, ${Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}3--6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. These data represent the first measurement of the EMC effect for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at large $x$ and a significant improvement for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The data do not support previous $A$-dependent or density-dependent fits to the EMC effect and suggest that the nuclear dependence of the quark distributions may depend on the local nuclear environment.

We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.

Objectives: Patients and caregivers can experience a range of physical, psychologic, and cognitive problems following critical care discharge. The use of peer support has been proposed as an innovative support mechanism. Design: We sought to identify technical, safety, and procedural aspects of existing operational models of peer support, among the Society of Critical Care Medicine Thrive Peer Support Collaborative. We also sought to categorize key distinctions between these models and elucidate barriers and facilitators to implementation. Subjects and Setting: Seventeen Thrive sites from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia were represented by a range of healthcare professionals. Measurements and Main Results: Via an iterative process of in-person and email/conference calls, members of the Collaborative defined the key areas on which peer support models could be defined and compared, collected detailed self-reports from all sites, reviewed the information, and identified clusters of models. Barriers and challenges to implementation of peer support models were also documented. Within the Thrive Collaborative, six general models of peer support were identified: community based, psychologist-led outpatient, models-based within ICU follow-up clinics, online, groups based within ICU, and peer mentor models. The most common barriers to implementation were recruitment to groups, personnel input and training, sustainability and funding, risk management, and measuring success. Conclusions: A number of different models of peer support are currently being developed to help patients and families recover and grow in the postcritical care setting.

The Intermediate Silicon Layers (ISL) detector is currently being built as part of the CDF II detector upgrade project. The ISL detector will significantly improve tracking in the central region and, together with the Silicon Vertex detector, provide stand-alone 3D track information in the forward/backward regions. In this article, we present the quality of the production sensors manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, which account for roughly half of the silicon sensors used in the ISL detector.

We propose a new experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that offers a powerful and model-independent probe for milli-charged particles. This experiment could be sensitive to charges in the range 10−3e–10−1e for masses in the range 0.1–100 GeV, which is the least constrained part of the parameter space for milli-charged particles. This is a new window of opportunity for exploring physics beyond the Standard Model at the LHC. The key new ingredients of the proposal are the identification of an optimal location for the detector and a telescopic/coincidence design that greatly reduces the background.

We give a bilocal field theory description of a composite scalar with an extended binding potential,
 that reduces to the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model in the pointlike limit. This provides a
 description of the internal dynamics of the bound state and features a static internal wave-function,
 ϕ(⃗r), in the center-of-mass frame that satisfies a Schr¨odinger-Klein-Gordon equation with eigenvalues
 m2. We analyze the “coloron” model (single perturbative massive gluon exchange) which yields a
 UV completion of the NJL model. This has a BCS-like enhancement of its interaction, ∝ Nc the
 number of colors, and is classically critical with gcritical remarkably close to the NJL quantum
 critical coupling. Negative eigenvalues for m2 lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the
 Yukawa coupling of the bound state to constituent fermions is emergent.

The CDFII silicon detector consists of 8 layers of double-sided silicon micro-strip sensors totaling 722,432 readout channels, making it one of the largest silicon detectors in present use by an HEP experiment. After nearly 2 years of data taking, we report on our experience operating the complex device. The performance of the CDFII silicon detector is presented and its effect on physics analyses is discussed. The CDFII silicon detector has begun to show measurable effects of radiation damage. These results and their impact on the expected lifetime of the detector are briefly reviewed.

Purpose To compare the accuracy of intraoperative wavefront aberrometry (ORA) and the Hill-radial basis function (RBF) formula with other formulas based on preoperative biometry in predicting residual refractive error after cataract surgery in eyes with axial myopia. Setting Private practice, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Design Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods Eyes with an axial length (AL) greater than 25.0 mm had cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. For each eye, the 1-center Wang-Koch AL-optimized Holladay 1 formula was used to select an IOL targeting emmetropia. Residual refractive error was predicted preoperatively using the SRK/T, Holladay 1 and 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF formulas and intraoperatively using wavefront aberrometry. The postoperative refraction was compared with the preoperative and intraoperative predictions. Results The study comprised 37 patients (51 eyes). The mean numerical errors ± standard error associated with using the SRK/T, Holladay 1, AL-optimized Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF formulas and intraoperative wavefront aberrometry were 0.20 ± 0.06 diopters (D), 0.33 ± 0.06 D, −0.02 ± 0.06 D, 0.24 ± 0.06 D, 0.19 ± 0.06 D, 0.22 ± 0.06 D, and 0.056 ± 0.06 D, respectively (P < .001). The proportion of patients within ±0.5 D of the predicted error was 74.5%, 62.8%, 82.4%, 79.1%, 73.9%, 76.7%, and 80.4%, respectively (P = .090). Hyperopic outcomes occurred in 70.6%, 76.5%, 49.0%, 74.4%, 76.1%, 74.4%, and 45.1% of the eyes, respectively (P = .007). Conclusions Intraoperative wavefront aberrometry was better than all formulas based on preoperative biometry and as effective as the AL-optimized Holladay 1 formula in predicting residual refractive error and reducing hyperopic outcomes. The Hill-RBF formula’s performance was similar to that of the fourth-generation formulas.

We report on a search for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge using a data sample of proton-proton collisions provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A prototype scintillator-based detector is deployed to conduct the first search at a hadron collider sensitive to particles with charges ${\leq}0.1e$. The existence of new particles with masses between 20 and 4700 MeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between $0.006e$ and $0.3e$, depending on their mass. New sensitivity is achieved for masses larger than $700$ MeV.

We report on the expected sensitivity of dedicated scintillator-based detectors at the LHC for elementary particles with charges much smaller than the electron charge. The dataset provided by a prototype scintillator-based detector is used to characterize the performance of the detector and provide an accurate background projection. Detector designs, including a novel slab detector configuration, are considered for the data taking period of the LHC to start in 2022 (Run 3) and for the high luminosity LHC. With the Run 3 dataset, the existence of new particles with masses between 10 MeV and 45 GeV could be excluded at 95% confidence level for charges between 0.003 e and 0.3 e, depending on their mass. With the high luminosity LHC dataset, the expected limits would reach between 10 MeV and 80 GeV for charges between 0.0018 e and 0.3 e, depending on their mass.Received 14 April 2021Accepted 12 July 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.032002Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasHypothetical particle physics modelsParticle dark matterTechniquesScintillatorsGeneral PhysicsParticles & Fields

The AMC13 provides clock, timing and DAQ service for many subdetectors and central systems in the upgraded CMS detector. This year we have developed an upgraded module, the AMC13XG, which supports 10 gigabit optical fiber and backplane interfaces. Many of these modules are now being installed in the CMS experiment during the current LHC shutdown. We describe the implementation using Xilinx Kintex-7™ FPGAs, commissioning, production testing and integration in the CMS HCAL and other subsystems.

Abstract Descartes argued that our ability to conceive or imagine situations in which mental phenomena are present without accompanying physical phenomena provides important support for dualism. A related argument makes a similar claim about our ability to imagine or conceive of situations in which physical phenomena are not accompanied by mental phenomena. Similar arguments have been offered by contemporary authors, including principally Kripke and Chalmers. This chapter replies to such arguments. It grants that we are able to imagine and conceive of the situations in question, but it maintains that it is possible for materialists to explain these facts away. The explanation of the facts involving imaginability invokes a distinction between two types of imagination, and the explanation of the facts involving conceivability invokes a distinction between two types of concept.

We report on initial experience with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) Layer 00 Detector. Layer 00 is an innovative, low-mass, silicon detector installed in CDF during the upgrade for Run 2A of the Tevatron. Noise pickup present during operation at CDF is discussed. An event-by-event pedestal correction implemented by CDF is presented. This off-line solution prevents L00 from being used in the current incarnation of the on-line displaced track trigger. The preliminary performance of Layer 00 is described.

The production of a standard model Higgs boson in association with a top quark pair at the upcoming high luminosity run ( 15 fb(-1) integrated luminosity) of the Fermilab Tevatron ( square root of s = 2.0 TeV) is revisited. For Higgs masses below 140 GeV we demonstrate that the production cross section times branching ratio for H-->bb macro decays yields a significant number of events and that this mode is competitive with and complementary to the searches using pp(macro) -->WH,ZH associated production. For higher mass Higgs bosons the H-->W(+)W(-) decays are more difficult but have the potential to provide a few spectacular events.

The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) pursues a broad physics program at Fermilab's Tevatron collider. Between Run II commissioning in early 2001 and the end of operations in September 2011, the Tevatron delivered 12 fb-1 of integrated luminosity of p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. Many physics analyses undertaken by CDF require heavy flavor tagging with large charged particle tracking acceptance. To realize these goals, in 2001 CDF installed eight layers of silicon microstrip detectors around its interaction region. These detectors were designed for 2--5 years of operation, radiation doses up to 2 Mrad (0.02 Gy), and were expected to be replaced in 2004. The sensors were not replaced, and the Tevatron run was extended for several years beyond its design, exposing the sensors and electronics to much higher radiation doses than anticipated. In this paper we describe the operational challenges encountered over the past 10 years of running the CDF silicon detectors, the preventive measures undertaken, and the improvements made along the way to ensure their optimal performance for collecting high quality physics data. In addition, we describe the quantities and methods used to monitor radiation damage in the sensors for optimal performance and summarize the detector performance quantities important to CDF's physics program, including vertex resolution, heavy flavor tagging, and silicon vertex trigger performance.

Abstract Objectives: Patients presenting to hospital with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on clinical symptoms, are routinely placed in a cohort together until polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results are available. This procedure leads to delays in transfers to definitive areas and high nosocomial transmission rates. FebriDx is a finger-prick point-of-care test (PoCT) that detects an antiviral host response and has a high negative predictive value for COVID-19. We sought to determine the clinical impact of using FebriDx for COVID-19 triage in the emergency department (ED). Design: We undertook a retrospective observational study evaluating the real-world clinical impact of FebriDx as part of an ED COVID-19 triage algorithm. Setting: Emergency department of a university teaching hospital. Patients: Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, placed in a cohort in a ‘high-risk’ area, were tested using FebriDx. Patients without a detectable antiviral host response were then moved to a lower-risk area. Results: Between September 22, 2020, and January 7, 2021, 1,321 patients were tested using FebriDx, and 1,104 (84%) did not have a detectable antiviral host response. Among 1,104 patients, 865 (78%) were moved to a lower-risk area within the ED. The median times spent in a high-risk area were 52 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 34–92) for FebriDx-negative patients and 203 minutes (IQR, 142–255) for FebriDx-positive patients (difference of −134 minutes; 95% CI, −144 to −122; P &lt; .0001). The negative predictive value of FebriDx for the identification of COVID-19 was 96% (661 of 690; 95% CI, 94%–97%). Conclusions: FebriDx improved the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 and reduced the time that severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR-negative patients spent in a high-risk area alongside SARS-CoV-2–positive patients.

We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for x>1, which is sensitive to short-range contributions to the nuclear wave function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the "superfast" quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in 2H and 3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.Received 20 August 2010DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.212502© 2010 The American Physical Society

ObjectivesFebriDx is a CE-marked, FDA-approved point-of-care test that detects the antiviral host response protein Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (MxA), in addition to C-reactive protein, using finger-prick blood. FebriDx MxA detection had a high negative predictive value for COVID-19 in symptomatic adults presenting to hospital in the first waves of the pandemic and was used subsequently as a ‘rule out’ triage tool in Emergency departments. The diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx MxA in the current context of co-circulation of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and in the era of COVID-19 vaccination, is unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of FebriDx MxA in adults with acute respiratory symptoms presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a large UK teaching hospital using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as the reference standard (Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV).ResultsBetween March 9th 2022 and March 8th 2023, 5426 patients had both FebriDx and RT-PCR testing with valid results. 999 (18.4%) of patients had influenza detected, 520 (9.6%) SARS-CoV-2, and 190 (3.5%) RSV. Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of MxA detection by FebriDx was 97.5% (96.9-98.0) for influenza, 97.1% (96.4-97.7) for SARS-CoV-2, 98.1% (97.5-98.6) for RSV, and 92.8% (91.8-93.7) for all viruses combined.ConclusionsIn symptomatic adults FebriDx MxA had a high NPV for influenza and RSV, and retained a high NPV for SARS-CoV-2, in the context of virus co-circulation and widespread COVID-19 vaccination. FebriDx continues to be a useful ‘rule out’ triage tool in the ED and could potentially be scaled to provide a national triage solution for future viral pandemics.

Abstract. The Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicate Youth (Climate READY) program, developed by the Florida Atlantic University Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) and funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Literacy Program, built climate literacy and community resilience through a three-semester dual enrollment program (NOAA-SEC-OED-2020-2006190). Most student participants (~80 %) were from Title-1, high schools in low socio-economic communities vulnerable to extreme weather and environmental hazards in Palm Beach County, Florida. The main objectives were to increase knowledge of South Florida’s changing climate systems, teach and promote environmentally responsible behavior that results in the stewardship of healthy ecosystems and a reduction in carbon consumption to mitigate future environmental risks, and empower students to act as agents of change within the community by teaching community members about local climate impacts and resilience strategies for extreme weather events. Students in the Climate READY Ambassador Institute (Summer Semester 1) built climate knowledge, explored NOAA technology, engaged with scientists and resilience experts, developed communication and advocacy skills, and learned about local resilience solutions. An Afterschool Mentorship (Fall Semester 2) component paired new Climate READY Ambassadors with fourth- and fifth- grade afterschool students to build community resilience awareness through the creation of storybooks. Lastly, Community Outreach (Spring Semester 3) provided ways to share local resilience strategies at public events and promoted civic engagement in climate solutions. Data were collected from students in the form of pre- and post-assessment questionnaires during the 2022–2023 academic year. Summative statistics were analyzed for climate science knowledge, self-identity, self-efficacy, and sense of place. Students felt more prepared, confident, and able to communicate within their communities about climate change and many demonstrated a significantly better understanding of climate science concepts.

POSSESSIVE INDIVIDUALISM Get access Christopher Hill Christopher Hill Balliol CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 24, Issue 1, April 1963, Pages 86–89, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/24.1.86 Published: 01 April 1963

Abstract John Hawthorne has maintained that we cannot be said to be epistemically justified in believing propositions simply on the basis of their having a very high degree of probability. He urges that this view has strong intuitive support, and he buttresses that support with considerations having to do with the cognitive, conversational, and practical roles of the concept of knowledge. This chapter is critical of Hawthorne’s claim, its alleged intuitive support, and the buttressing argumentation. It also makes positive suggestions about the conversational constraints that determine whether a proposition is assertible, the Gricean constraints on assertion, the nature of epistemic possibility, the role of knowledge in practical reasoning, and the ways in which degrees of belief interact with deductive inference.

Unrecoverable internal failures of modules in the CDF Run2 Silicon detector have been observed since its installation in early 2001. A fraction of these failures has been categorized as infant mortality. Other failures occurring later were strongly correlated with fixed trigger conditions. These failures are explained by wire-bonds breaking due to fatigue stress induced by resonant vibration. These resonant vibrations are a direct consequence of the oscillating Lorentz forces induced by the 1.4T magnetic field on wire-bonds carrying non-DC current. Changes have been implemented in data-taking procedures in order to minimize the occurrences of such failures and to prolong the lifetime of the detector itself. A more general analysis of the topic has been pursued. Changes in the packaging and assembly processes for future applications have been investigated.

The decay, , is dominant for a Standard Model Higgs boson in the mass range just above the exclusion limit of 114.4 GeV/c2 reported by the LEP experiments. Unfortunately, an overwhelming abundance of events arising from more mundane sources, together with the lack of precision inherent in the reconstruction of the Higgs mass, renders this decay mode a priori undetectable in the case of direct Higgs production at the LHC. It is therefore of no small interest to investigate whether can be observed in those cases where the Higgs is produced in association with other massive particles. In this note, the results of a study of Higgs bosons produced in association with top quarks and decaying via are presented. The study was performed as realistically as possible by employing a full and detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the CMS detector followed by the application of trigger and reconstruction algorithms that were developed for use with real data. Important systematic effects resulting from such sources as the uncertainties in the jet energy scale and the estimated rates for correctly tagging b jets or mistagging non-b jets have been taken into account. The impact of large theoretical uncertainties in the cross sections for plus N jets processes due to an absence of next-to-leading order calculations is also considered.

In this LOI we propose a dedicated experiment that would detect milli-charged particles produced by pp collisions at LHC Point 5. The experiment would be installed during LS2 in the vestigial drainage gallery above UXC and would not interfere with CMS operations. With 300 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, sensitivity to a particle with charge $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})~e$ can be achieved for masses of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ GeV, and charge $\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})~e$ for masses of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ GeV, greatly extending the parameter space explored for particles with small charge and masses above 100 MeV.

The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem mission is a hyperspectral imager with high SNR, precision and dynamic range, and with a very low striping artifact level in the 342-887 nm wavelength range with a spectral resolution of 5 nm in 2.5 nm steps, providing a significant technological advancement over previous ocean imagers. To achieve this, OCI is designed with specialized optical imaging and opto-electronic detection systems that push the boundaries of several state-of-the-art technologies. This paper provides an overview of these systems together with their achieved performances and discussions of their key design challenges.

The aim was to audit the accuracy of drug-allergy documentation in a District General Hospital.A drug card and case-note review was used. The subjects of the study were 117 medical and surgical current inpatients in a District General Hospital. Outcome measures were information collected, including whether the drug hypersensitivity box was filled in on the drug card, what was written in the box and whether this was signed and dated. The information on drug allergies was then checked with the patients. The medical notes were audited for a completed ALERT sheet and its accuracy.Sixty-nine patients in this study were on surgical wards, and 48 were on medical wards. Some 97.4% had the drug-allergy box on the drug card filled in to some extent, and only three (2.6%) had nothing documented. Including those boxes that were blank, 32 (27.4%) were signed and 22 (18.8%) were dated. Twelve patients (10.3%) stated that the allergy information recorded about them was incorrect. The ALERT forms in the medical notes were only filled in on 58.1% of occasions (i.e. they had a patient addressograph label), and of those that were completed, 36.5% did not match the information on the drug card.Although doctors ask about drug allergies, documentation is not done well for a number of reasons, including the design of the drug card. Currently there is a blank allergy box with no guidance about what should be written there. The new drug card to be introduced in the next few months will distinguish between true drug allergies and side effects. It will also prompt the nature of the allergy to be documented, from whom this information was obtained, and the signature of the person filling in the information. Failure to accurately document drug allergies leads to the potential for doctors to prescribe medication that could be harmful for the patient.

Journal Article Van Inwagen on the consequence argument Get access Christopher S. Hill Christopher S. Hill University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR 72701, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 52, Issue 2, April 1992, Pages 49–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/52.2.49 Published: 01 April 1992

We present the case of a 21-year-old patient who required a prehospital lateral canthotomy following a penetrating injury to the head. This, the first recorded prehospital case, highlights the importance of this simple, potentially sight saving procedure and why it should be in the armamentarium of all prehospital emergency physicians. ### Background Our patient was treated by the physician staffed Greater Sydney Area Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (GSA-HEMS) from its satellite base 100 km South of Sydney, Australia. GSA-HEMS covers the state of New South Wales providing medical teams for prehospital trauma response and interhospital critical care retrieval. A GSA-HEMS medical team was called to the home of a previously healthy 21-year-old female subject who had reportedly been shot. On arrival, the team found the patient lying in the front room of …

Peer support is a novel strategy to mitigate postintensive care syndrome and postintensive care syndrome–family. This project implemented a peer support program to address postintensive care syndrome for patients and family members. Using a free-flow, unstructured format, a chaplain, social worker, nurse, and intensive care unit survivor led veterans and loved ones in discussion of intensive care unit experiences, fears, and the challenges of recovery. Evaluations indicated group participation is beneficial for emotional support, coping, and understanding common situations related to prolonged intensive care unit stay. A majority reported they would strongly recommend group participation to a friend.

Abstract Background Patients with end-stage kidney disease, receiving haemodialysis rely increasingly on informal carers to help manage their debilitating chronic disease. Informal carers may experience a negative impact on their quality of life exacting a toll on their physical, social and emotional well-being. Informal carers of patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis have significant unmet needs which may include physical and psychological issues, financial disadvantage and social isolation. Poor experiences of informal carers may also impact the experience of the patients for whom they care. The needs of this group of informal caregivers have been largely neglected, with little emphasis placed on supportive interventions that might assist and support them in their caring role. The aim of this study is therefore to explore the experiences and unmet needs of informal carers of people with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis and develop a psychosocial intervention to support them in their caring role. Methods This qualitative study will include a systematic review, semi-structured interviews with 30 informal carers and focus groups with renal health care professionals. Perceptions of care provision, caregiving experiences as well as contextual factors impacting the design and delivery of a psychosocial intervention for informal carers of patients with end-stage kidney disease, will be explored and will inform the development of a supportive intervention. Discussion The needs of informal carers of patients with end-stage kidney disease have been neglected with little emphasis placed on supportive interventions that might assist and support this group in their care giving role. This is in contrast to other chronic disease groups such as stroke, cancer and dementia. In these conditions well developed supportive interventions have significantly improved outcomes in regard to informal caregivers’ preparedness, competence, positive emotions and psychological well-being in terms of informal care provision. Support interventions could potentially improve the quality of life of those informal carers who provide care to patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis.

The Stockholm archipelago is a brackish-water archipelago that extends along the Swedish east coast, just south of the border between the Bothnian Sea and the northern Baltic Proper. The Stockholm archipelago stretches about 200 km from Singö in the north to Nynäshamn in the south (Fig. 14.1). A nearly continuous belt of islands stretches eastwards from the Stockholm archipelago across to the Åland islands and the Åbo archipelago in Finland.

In this LOI we propose a dedicated experiment that would detect "milli-charged" particles produced by pp collisions at LHC Point 5. The experiment would be installed during LS2 in the vestigial drainage gallery above UXC and would not interfere with CMS operations. With 300 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, sensitivity to a particle with charge $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})~e$ can be achieved for masses of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ GeV, and charge $\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})~e$ for masses of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ GeV, greatly extending the parameter space explored for particles with small charge and masses above 100 MeV.

Hill, C. M.B., B.Ch., F.R.C.S.(Glasg.); Riaz, M. M.B., M.S., F.R.C.S.(I), F.R.C.S.(Ed.), F.R.C.S.(Glasg.); Hill, Christopher M.B., B.Ch., F.R.C.S.(Glasg.) Author Information

We propose a new experiment sensitive to the detection of millicharged particles produced at the $30$ GeV proton fixed-target collisions at J-PARC. The potential site for the experiment is B2 of the Neutrino Monitor building, $280$ m away from the target. With $\textrm{N}_\textrm{POT}=10^{22}$, the experiment can provide sensitivity to particles with electric charge $3\times10^{-4}\,e$ for mass less than $0.2$ $\textrm{GeV}/\textrm{c}^2$ and $1.5\times10^{-3}\,e$ for mass less than $1.6$ $\textrm{GeV}/\textrm{c}^2$. This brings a substantial extension to the current constraints on the charge and the mass of such particles.

Numerical simulations in climate, chemistry, or astrophysics are computationally too expensive for uncertainty quantification or parameter-exploration at high-resolution. Reduced-order or surrogate models are multiple orders of magnitude faster, but traditional surrogates are inflexible or inaccurate and pure machine learning (ML)-based surrogates too data-hungry. We propose a hybrid, flexible surrogate model that exploits known physics for simulating large-scale dynamics and limits learning to the hard-to-model term, which is called parametrization or closure and captures the effect of fine- onto large-scale dynamics. Leveraging neural operators, we are the first to learn grid-independent, non-local, and flexible parametrizations. Our \textit{multiscale neural operator} is motivated by a rich literature in multiscale modeling, has quasilinear runtime complexity, is more accurate or flexible than state-of-the-art parametrizations and demonstrated on the chaotic equation multiscale Lorenz96.

We investigate an approach for the presentation of experimental constraints on supersymmetric scenarios. It is a triangle based visualization that extends the status quo wherein LHC results are reported in terms of simplified models under the assumption of 100\% branching ratios. We show that the (re)interpretation of LHC data on triangles allows the extraction of accurate exclusion limits for a multitude of more realistic models with arbitrary branching ratios. We demonstrate the utility of this triangle visualization approach using the example of gluino production and decay in several common supersymmetric scenarios. A Python script that can be adapted to visualize data on triangular plots can be obtained from https://github.com/renuk16/Triangles.

It is often maintained (i) that conceivability is a reliable test for possibility, and also (ii) that conceivability is our primary way of obtaining knowledge of modality. Challenging (i), the chapter maintains that it is in fact psychologically possible to conceive of almost anything, including contradictions. Accordingly, conceivability is a trustworthy guide test for possibility only if we compare its results with principles that are independently known to be necessary. It follows that (ii) must be wrong—we must have some way of recognizing necessity that is independent of conceivability. It is proposed that necessity is known to us by virtue of our acceptance of certain ‘conceptual truths’—specifically, propositions that implicitly define the concept of necessity. The chapter also criticizes the Cartesian modal argument, and the idea, put forward by the author in earlier work, that the metaphysical modalities can be defined in terms of the counterfactual conditional.

Abstract The Intermediate Silicon Layers (ISL) detector is part of the CDF upgrade for Run II. The ISL is a large radius (20–28 cm) double-side silicon tracker with a total active area of ≃3.5 m 2 . The full procedure for module production and electrical tests is described.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries are recommended to address psychological sequelae following critical illness. Diaries are correlated with reduced prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of critical illness and their families. Local Problem: Our ICU was not adequately meeting the psychological needs of patients and families. Methods: We established an interprofessional team to implement an ICU diary program in partnership with implementation of the ABCDEF ( A ssess, prevent, and manage pain; B oth awakening and breathing trials; C hoice of analgesia and sedation; D elirium: assess, prevent, and manage; E arly mobility and exercise; F amily engagement and empowerment) bundle and peer support programs. Staff knowledge and perception of ICU diaries were obtained. Interventions: Diaries were initiated for patients at high risk for post-intensive care syndrome, and entries by all ICU staff and family members/visitors were encouraged. Results: A total of 75 diaries were initiated between January 2017 and January 2019. The ICU diaries have been received positively by patients, family members, and staff. Conclusions: The ICU diary is a cost-effective and efficient intervention to help patients and family members cope with the burden of critical illness.

In an effort to predict the characteristics of thunder on Titan, a model is being developed for the formation of the initial strong shock wave by a short cylindrical lightning discharge “segment.” (Such small discharge segments are later used to synthesize a tortuous cloud-to-ground 20 Km-long lightning channel in Titan’s troposphere.) The shock wave is obtained numerically as a solution of the coupled gasdynamic equations of state and conservation of momentum, mass, and energy. The relevant acoustic quantities are the pressure, density, particle velocity, and specific internal energy of the shock wave immediately following the discharge. Different scenarios for the initial deposition of energy from the discharge into the shock wave are investigated. The altitude-dependent ambient conditions in Titan’s lower atmosphere—temperature, pressure, and density—are extracted from Cassini-Huygens data, while specific heats and transport coefficients of the main constituents of Titan’s troposphere (N2, CH4) are obtained from the NIST Chemistry WebBook and interpolated at each altitude. The CH4 molar fraction, measured by the mass spectrometer onboard Huygens, varies from 0.0492 at 5 m to 0.0162 at 35 km (the latter marking the lower end of Titan’s tropopause). These parameters are used as inputs to the model for a complete thermodynamic characterization along the length of the lightning channel. [The work was funded by the Louisiana Space Consortium (LaSpace) and NASA.]

In this chapter, we incorporate a series of case studies to highlight key areas of EMI development. The case studies are drawn from a Taiwanese perspective but identify core issues that are relevant to all practitioners and policymakers.

This chapter looks at how we consider the European Union (EU) today. The EU is now regarded as an international actor. In this way, the development of the EU, this chapter shows, as a system of international relations in itself can be related analytically to the place it occupies in the process of international relations, and to its position as a ‘power’ in the global arena. This sort of analysis, the chapter argues, facilitates an understanding of the ways in which the EU produces international action and the ways in which the international dimension enters into EU policymaking. This relates particularly to the many crises that have affected the EU in the last few years, such as the eurozone crisis, the war in Ukraine, Brexit, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

This chapter provides a structured treatment of the historical context for the mutual entanglement of European integration and the broader development of international relations, bearing in mind the threefold framework set out in the first chapter, namely, European integration as a sub-system of international relations, as part of the general processes of international relations, and as a potential or actual ‘power’ in international relations. The chapter looks at developments up to the end of the 20th century and provides some background to the topics covered in the following chapters. It shows how the European Union’s (EU’s) international role has continuously been shaped by both by the changing international environment and the continuous interaction between politics, economics, and security.

A critical factor in the success of decision support systems is the accurate modeling of user preferences. Psychology research has demonstrated that users often develop their preferences during the elicitation process, highlighting the pivotal role of system-user interaction in developing personalized systems. This paper introduces a novel approach, combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with Constraint Programming to facilitate interactive decision support. We study this hybrid framework through the lens of meeting scheduling, a time-consuming daily activity faced by a multitude of information workers. We conduct three studies to evaluate the novel framework, including a diary study (n=64) to characterize contextual scheduling preferences, a quantitative evaluation of the system's performance, and a user study (n=10) with a prototype system. Our work highlights the potential for a hybrid LLM and optimization approach for iterative preference elicitation and design considerations for building systems that support human-system collaborative decision-making processes.

The Intermediate Silicon Layers detector (ISL) is a large radius silicon tracker, installed in the CDF detector for the RUN II of the Tevatron Collider. With almost 4 m2 of double-sided silicon sensors and 300,000 electronic channels it represents the biggest system of this kind ever built. The construction and installation phases, the performed quality assurance tests as well as the problems encountered are reviewed. RUN II of the Tevatron officially started on March 1st, 2001. Although the CDF silicon system is still being commissioned, results on the performance of the ISL detector obtained using the first data are presented.

The innermost layer (L00) of the Run IIa silicon detector of CDF was planned to be replaced for the high luminosity Tevatron upgrade of Run IIb. This new silicon layer (L0) is designed to be a radiation tolerant replacement for the otherwise very similar L00 from Run IIa. The data are read out via long, fine-pitch, low-mass cables allowing the hybrids with the chips to sit at higher z(/spl sim/70 cm), outside of the tracking volume. The design and first results from the prototyping phase are presented. Special focus is placed on the amount and the structure of induced noise as well as signal-to-noise values.

We describe the characteristics of silicon microstrip sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics for the CDF Run 2b silicon detector. A total of 953 sensors, including 117 prototype sensors, have been produced and tested. Five sensors were irradiated with neutrons up to 1.4 /spl times/10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/ as a part of the sensor quality assurance program. The electrical and mechanical characteristics are found to be superior in all aspects and fulfill our specifications. We comment on charge-up susceptibility of the sensors that employ a <100> crystal structure.

The various generations of Silicon Vertex Detectors (SVX, SVX', SVXII) for Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) at the Fermilab Tevatron have been fundamental tools for heavy-flavor tagging via secondary vertex detection. The CDF Run IIb Silicon Vertex Detector (SVXIIb) has been designed to be a radiation-tolerant replacement for the currently installed SVXII because SVXII was not expected to survive the Tevatron luminosity anticipated for Run IIb. One major change in the new design is the use of a single mechanical and electrical element throughout the array. This element, called a stave, carries six single-sided silicon sensors on each side and is built using carbon fiber skins with a high thermal conductivity on a foam core with a built-in cooling channel. A Kapton bus cable carries power, data and control signals underneath the silicon sensors on each side of the stave. Sensors are read out in pairs via a ceramic hybrid glued on one of the sensors and equipped with four SVX4 readout chips. This new design concept leads to a very compact mechanical and electrical unit, allowing streamlined production and ease of testing and installation. A description of the design and mechanical performance of the stave is given. Results on the electrical performance obtained using prototype staves are also presented.

The main building block and readout unit of the planned CDF Run IIb silicon detector is a "stave," a highly integrated mechanical, thermal, and electrical structure. One of its characteristic features is a copper-on-Kapton flexible cable for power, high voltage, data transmission, and control signals that is placed directly below the silicon microstrip sensors. The dense packaging makes deadtime-less operation of the stave a challenge since coupling of bus cable activity into the silicon sensors must be suppressed efficiently. The stave design features relevant for deadtime-less operation are discussed. The electrical performance achieved with stave prototypes is presented.

The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF; the FPF experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential; and the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three avors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.

Benlowes and His Times Get access CHRISTOPHER HILL CHRISTOPHER HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Essays in Criticism, Volume III, Issue 2, April 1953, Pages 143–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/eic/III.2.143 Published: 01 April 1953

This chapter presents and defends a deflationary theory of truth and other truth‐related semantic properties. More specifically, it is a theory of the semantic properties of propositions and concepts, though it also has applications to the semantic properties of sentences and words. According to the theory, the properties in question can be explicitly defined in terms of substitutional quantification. Contact is made with the correspondence theory of truth by showing that substitutional quantification provides the basis for a definition of an appropriate correspondence relation. Attention is given to the charge that the theory is not sufficiently ‘reductive,’ and to the objection that the defined concepts are too ‘thin’ to explain the role that semantic properties play in laws of nature. Both objections are rejected.

The production of a Standard Model Higgs boson in association with a top quark pair at the upcoming high luminosity run (15 fb -1 integreted luminosity) of the Fermilab Tevatron [Formula: see text] is revisited. For Higgs masses below 140 GeV we demonstrate that the production cross section times branching ratio for [Formula: see text] decays yields a significant number of events and that this mode is competitive with and complementary to the searches using [Formula: see text], ZH associated production. For higher mass Higgs bosons the H → W + W - decays are more difficult but have the potential to provide a few spectacular events.

Lederman and Hill reply: Perhaps Richard Wolfson would have viewed our work more favorably had he read our first book, Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe (Prometheus Books, 2004). There we championed the great mathematician Emmy Noether to the modern science lay audience. We told the story of all of physics through Noether’s grand theorem and how it forms a keystone of our understanding of nature. We did so as much to honor one of the greatest intellectuals who ever lived as to show our readership that physics is not a men’s club.More to Mr. Wolfson’s point, Victoria’s Secret stores can be found in almost every shopping mall in the US. When we pass by, we see as many women as men looking at their windows. Both genders’ thoughts may be expected to run to fantasy, yet here is a point of contact between such human experiences and physics. We are leveraging it to inspire the poetic reader to enter a world of altered reality—in this instance, to ponder the quantum world with the transmission of photons through a glass window and its inherent probabilistic nature.We hope to invite readers deeper into the magnificent world of atoms, quarks, strings, the conduction band structure of semiconductors, Schrödinger’s cat, the Dirac sea, and more. We take some risk, as we are prone to do on other topics such as politics and religion, and we have received numerous complaints concerning our belief in global warming, the creeping superstition, and anti-intellectualism that we see infecting our society today.We are inclined to disagree, however, with Mr. Wolfson’s conclusion about the effect of the Victoria’s Secret windows metaphor on our female readers: We have done the experiment of taking the risk, and we have not received a single complaint thus far from anyone else that our book is sexist.© 2012 American Institute of Physics.

This chapter summarizes the volume's major findings and revisits the three perspectives on the European Union: as a system of international relations, as a participant in wider international processes, and as a power in the world. It also considers the usefulness of the three main theoretical approaches in international relations as applied to the EU's external relations: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Furthermore, it emphasizes three things which it is clear the EU is not, in terms of its international role: it is not a straightforward ‘pole’ in a multipolar system; it is not merely a subordinate subsystem of Western capitalism, and/or a province of an American world empire, as claimed by both the anti-globalization movement and the jihadists; it is not a channel by which political agency is surrendering to the forces of functionalism and globalization. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the EU's positive contributions to international politics.

The only reason for my being here this evening, I suspect, is that I once wrote a book called Milton and the English Revolution. I shall assume that none of you have read it. However, one item in it may be of relevance to our discussions. I cited Chekhov’s letters in which we see that great (and relatively non-political) artist haggling with the censor about what he was permitted to say, sometimes deciding to omit a passage in order to get the rest published, at other times deciding that it was not worth it: a particular story must be sacrificed rather than emasculated. Milton’s relationship to the censor was rather similar, only Milton was a much more politically involved character than Chekhov, and after 1660 he was marked down as a notorious enemy of the regime. A second item of possible relevance: Maurice Baring’s report during the Russo-Japanese War of 1905–6 that one of the most popular books with the peasant soldiers in the tsar’s army was a Russian translation of Paradise Lost. I am not quite sure what to conclude from this unexpected fact, but it helps to link the English and Russian Revolutions.