Christophe Clément

Sugars play an important role in grapevine flowering. This complex process from inflorescence initiation to fruit maturity takes two growing seasons. Currently, most of the available data concern the involvement of sugars as energy sources during the formation of reproductive structures from initiation of inflorescences during the summer of the first year, until flower opening during the following spring. Sugars devoted to the development of reproductive structures are supplied either by wood reserves or by photosynthesis in leaves or inflorescences, depending on the stage of development. Female meiosis appears to be a key point in the success of flower formation because (i) flowers are vulnerable at this stage and (ii) it corresponds in the whole plant to the transition between reserve mobilization from perennial organs (roots, trunk, and canes) towards efficient leaf photosynthesis. The perturbation of reserve replenishment during the previous year provokes perturbation in the development of inflorescences, whereas altering the photosynthetic sources affects the formation of flowers during the same year. In particular, a lack of sugar availability in flowers at female meiosis caused by various environmental or physiological fluctuations may lead to drastic flower abortion. Apart from energy, sugars also play roles as regulators of gene expression and as signal molecules that may be involved in stress responses. In the future, these two topics should be further investigated in the grapevine considering the sensitivity of flowers to environmental stresses at meiosis.

Focal parameters of local earthquakes in the region of the Ionian Islands of western Greece are constrained with a temporary dense array of three-component seismographs operated jointly offshore and onshore. Seismic deformation is documented to be confined to the east of the N20°E-striking steep continental slope west of Cephalonia island, the right-lateral Cephalonia Transform Fault, CTF, inferred from large earthquakes. The pre-Apulian continental material appears to be only deforming east of the transform fault, where it is in upper plate position to the Hellenic subduction. East of the transform fault, the transmission velocity tomography from local earthquakes, compared in depth-section with a previous marine reflection profile, provides evidence in support of a shallow landward dipping boundary around 12 km deep under the Ionian Islands along which they may override the lower plate. On either side of this interface local earthquakes occur with different focal mechanisms, in support with its interpretation as the interplate. Under Cephalonia island, reverse-faulting deforms the upper plate along NW–SE structures, which may also be affected by left-lateral bookshelf-faulting. Small earthquakes show normal faulting along the western coast of Cephalonia and its extension 20 km SSW, the trace of the CTF as inferred from the occurrence of the large strike-slip earthquakes. Another group of normal-fault earthquakes locates in the lower plate from under Cephalonia to Zante, just outboard of a possible change of interplate dip suggested from reflection seismics landward under the islands. These normal-fault earthquakes appear to coincide in position with that of the load imposed by the upper plate transported over them, rather than occurring in an outer rise, outboard the plate boundary and trench, as observed in other subductions and attributed to the control by the flexural bending of the lower plate under the pull of the sinking slab. Interpretation has to consider several peculiar features of plate interaction in western Greece with respect to a steady-state model for major subduction zones, in particular: a fast deformation of the upper plate in front of an orogenically overthickened crust and of the southwestward push of extruding Anatolia; its transport, which is the cause of the migration of the plate boundary rather than the roll-back of a slab which has been proposed to be detached; possibly a flat and ramp shape of the interplate; the geometrical complexity of the shear limit across the CTF between subduction and collision, and the nearby variation of the nature of the foreland crust.

We report test beam studies of 11% of the production ATLAS Tile Calorimeter modules. The modules were equipped with production front-end electronics and all the calibration systems planned for the final detector. The studies used muon, electron and hadron beams ranging in energy from 3 to 350 GeV. Two independent studies showed that the light yield of the calorimeter was ∼70pe/GeV, exceeding the design goal by 40%. Electron beams provided a calibration of the modules at the electromagnetic energy scale. Over 200 calorimeter cells the variation of the response was 2.4%. The linearity with energy was also measured. Muon beams provided an intercalibration of the response of all calorimeter cells. The response to muons entering in the ATLAS projective geometry showed an RMS variation of 2.5% for 91 measurements over a range of rapidities and modules. The mean response to hadrons of fixed energy had an RMS variation of 1.4% for the modules and projective angles studied. The response to hadrons normalized to incident beam energy showed an 8% increase between 10 and 350 GeV, fully consistent with expectations for a noncompensating calorimeter. The measured energy resolution for hadrons of σ/E=52.9%/E⊕5.7% was also consistent with expectations. Other auxiliary studies were made of saturation recovery of the readout system, the time resolution of the calorimeter and the performance of the trigger signals from the calorimeter.

The ATLAS Collaboration has measured the inclusive production of $Z$ bosons via their decays into electron and muon pairs in $p+$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are made using data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 29.4 nb$^{-1}$ and 28.1 nb$^{-1}$ for $Z \rightarrow ee$ and $Z \rightarrow \mu\mu$, respectively. The results from the two channels are consistent and combined to obtain a cross section times the $Z \rightarrow \ell\ell$ branching ratio, integrated over the rapidity region $|y^{*}_{Z}|<3.5$, of 139.8 $\pm$ 4.8 (stat.) $\pm$ 6.2 (syst.) $\pm$ 3.8 (lumi.) nb. Differential cross sections are presented as functions of the $Z$ boson rapidity and transverse momentum, and compared with models based on parton distributions both with and without nuclear corrections. The centrality dependence of $Z$ boson production in $p+$Pb collisions is measured and analyzed within the framework of a standard Glauber model and the model's extension for fluctuations of the underlying nucleon-nucleon scattering cross section.

Volume 80, no. 1, p. [1–43][1], 2016, . Page 1: The byline and affiliation line should appear as shown above. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/MMBR.00019-15

Continental extension is forming the Gulf of Corinth across the strike of earlier Alpine evolution. Here, we present the first deep reflection sections with pre-stack depth-migration processing across the deep basin of the Corinth active rift, which image structures unpredicted by current models. Resolving the infill as a pile of layers that are broken by faults allows one to follow their subsidence and deformation history. Variation among the profiles suggests that southern normal faults control the rift in a time progression from the east towards its western tip. On the central, Derveni–Itea transect, a 3-km widening of the basin accrued since the initiation of this control that is marked by an unconformity between the two main sedimentary units. This is estimated to have occurred 0.5–0.6 Myr ago, assuming the glacio-eustatic sea-level changes have controlled the stratigraphy of sediments deposited as a succession of layers on the subsiding hangingwall, as they did on the southern footwall in forming the famous flight of marine terraces of Corinth. A roll-over anticline and crestal collapse graben are diagnostic of the control by a normal fault of dip varying with depth. The deeper low-angle part of this bi-planar fault is indeed imaged as a reflector in the basement. The occurrence of the collapse with a breakaway at the steep southern basin-bounding fault of the hangingwall slab can be estimated 0.12–0.2 Myr ago, with a marked increase in extension rate that brought it to its present fastest value over 10 mm/yr. The low-angle part of the active fault might also have controlled earlier evolution upslope and in the basin. When compared with inferences from earthquake studies, this low-angle active fault may not appear to be seismogenic but may participate to the seismic cycle, possibly in a conditionally stable regime. Active faults seen as sea-bottom scarps merely accommodate deformation of its subsiding hangingwall. The footwall of the low-angle faults, which current seismicity shows to be in extension, appears then as being pulled out from beneath the rift, in a motion towards the rolling-back slab that causes the Hellenic subduction retreat.

We present the results of a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B0s→μ+μ− using a data set with integrated luminosity of 240 pb−1 of p¯p collisions at √s=1.96 TeV collected with the D0 detector in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We find the upper limit on the branching fraction to be B(B0s→μ+μ−)≤5.0×10−7 at the 95% C.L. assuming no contributions from the decay B0d→μ+μ− in the signal region. This limit is the most stringent upper bound on the branching fraction B0s→μ+μ− to date.Received 15 October 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.071802©2005 American Physical Society

The response of pions and protons in the energy range of 20–180 GeV, produced at CERN's SPS H8 test-beam line in the ATLAS iron–scintillator Tile hadron calorimeter, has been measured. The test-beam configuration allowed the measurement of the longitudinal shower development for pions and protons up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths. It was found that pions penetrate deeper in the calorimeter than protons. However, protons induce showers that are wider laterally to the direction of the impinging particle. Including the measured total energy response, the pion-to-proton energy ratio and the resolution, all observations are consistent with a higher electromagnetic energy fraction in pion-induced showers. The data are compared with GEANT4 simulations using several hadronic physics lists. The measured longitudinal shower profiles are described by an analytical shower parametrization within an accuracy of 5–10%. The amount of energy leaking out behind the calorimeter is determined and parametrized as a function of the beam energy and the calorimeter depth. This allows for a leakage correction of test-beam results in the standard projective geometry.

In the region of the Ionian Islands of western Greece, the active margin of the Hellenic domain passes from oceanic subduction in the south to continental collision in the north, linked by the right-lateral Cephalonia transform fault. A slightly landward dipping interface revealed at 13 km depth by a single previous line in the channel between Cephalonia and Zante has been suggested as the interplate subduction boundary. New marine multichannel reflection profiles and OBS refraction and wide-angle reflection data confirm the reflector as a regional feature. These data evidence its extension to the south, where large, low-angle thrust earthquakes occur offshore to Zante. The new profiles establish a coincidence between the focal depths of these large subduction events and the imaged bright reflective level, confirming its tentative interpretation as the interplate boundary, which generally appears with a positive reflection polarity. In this context, the Ionian Islands outcrop corresponds to a shallowing of the interplate boudary from south to north. In the south, offshore Zante, the interplate boundary comprises a stratified zone that may be considered as the sedimentary cover of the Ionian Basin oceanic-like crust, which forms the lower plate here. The shallower position and single-cycle reflection character of the interplate further north suggest that the lower plate could there be the Apulian paleomargin to that basin.

Gamma-ray transitions following the decay of 59Fe to 59Co, 192Ir to 192Pt and 182Os were investigated with calibrated Ge(Li) detectors. The new transitions of 59Co at 381 and 1481 keV were confirmed. The absolute intensities for γ-rays and transitions were deduced. Particularly, the electron capture intensity in 192Ir: (4.7 ± 0.4) %. The K-capture probability is calculated: PK = 0.811 ± 0.05.

This Technical Design Report describes the project to upgrade the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for the operation at the High Luminosity LHC. The High Luminosity LHC is planned to begin operation in 2026 ...

This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known e/h ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within ±1% of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is [(58±3)%/E+(2.5±0.3)%]⊕(1.7±0.2)/E. The value of the e/h ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is 1.74±0.04 and agrees with the prediction that e/h>1.66 for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300GeV.

The Gulf of Corinth is a natural laboratory for the study of seismicity and crustal deformation during continental extension. Seismic profiling along its axis provides a 24-fold normal-incidence seismic reflection profile and wide-angle reflection–refraction profiles recorded by sea-bottom seismometers (OBS) and land seismometers. At wide-angle incidence, the land receivers document the Moho at 40-km depth under the western end of the Gulf north of Aigion, rising to 32-km depth under the northern coast in the east of the Gulf. Both refraction and normal-incidence reflection sections image the basement under the deep marine basin that has formed by recent extension. The depth to the base of the sedimentary basin beneath the Gulf, constrained by both methods, is no more than 2.7 km, with ∼1 km of water underlain by no more than ∼1.7 km of sediment, less than what was expected from past modeling of uplift of the south coast in the East of the Gulf. Unlike the flat sea-bottom, the basement and sedimentary interfaces show topography along this axial line. Several deeps are identified as depocenters, which suggest that this axial line is not a strike line to the basin. It appears instead to be controlled by several faults, oblique to the S60°E overall trend of the south coast of the Gulf, their more easterly strikes being consistent with the instantaneous direction of extension measured by earthquake slip vectors and by GPS.

This article describes the Laser calibration system of the ATLAS hadronic Tile Calorimeter that has been used during the run 1 of the LHC . First, the stability of the system associated readout electronics is studied. It is found to be stable with variations smaller than 0.6 %. Then, the method developed to compute the calibration constants, to correct for the variations of the gain of the calorimeter photomultipliers, is described. These constants were determined with a statistical uncertainty of 0.3 % and a systematic uncertainty of 0.2 % for the central part of the calorimeter and 0.5 % for the end-caps. Finally, the detection and correction of timing mis-configuration of the Tile Calorimeter using the Laser system are also presented.

In order to understand floral sugar physiology, we correlated the growth of the organs with carbohydrate content in the flower of Lilium cv. “enchantment” during pollen development. In a previous work, we distinguished two phases in pollen ontogenesis: the anther growth phase, from the microspore mother cell until the vacuolated microspore, and the anther maturation phase, from the vacuolated microspore until anthesis. In the present work, we showed that during the growth phase, the anther underwent most of its size and dry weight growth, whereas the growth rate of nonanther organs was reduced. Anther and filament possessed the highest amounts of carbohydrates, which decreased progressively until the vacuolated microspore stage. During the maturation phase, sucrose and starch increased in all floral organs. Anther growth was completed at the Mi stage, whereas the nonanther organs began exponential growth. From these observations, we concluded that hierarchic nutritional correlations exist between the flower organs, in which the anther is the main actor: during the anther growth phase, the anther represents the highest sink strength floral organ, and mainly attracts assimilates through the filament. During the anther maturation phase, anther growth is achieved, its needs decrease, and assimilates are thus available for neighboring organs, which undergo intense growth until anthesis.

The western Hellenic arc has been commonly considered as a largely aseismic subduction zone, from the comparison of a small rate of shortening derived from the seismic moment release, with a large rate of convergence inferred from geology. Complete seismic coupling would instead be expected from models that consider a control by plate tectonic forces, because of the trenchward velocity of the Hellenic–Aegean upper plate now confirmed with GPS measurements. In the region of the Ionian Islands, a subduction interplate boundary has been recently imaged and its seismogenic downdip width suggested to be moderate, from reflection seismic profiling and local earthquake tomography. In the appropriate model for such an earthquake source region, which considers a single interplate fault and takes into account these features, the moderate seismic moment release is found consistent with complete seismic coupling of this subduction. The shallow downdip limit of the seismogenic zone can be interpreted as due to the interplate boundary being overlain there by the ductile deeper crust of the orogenically thickened Hellenides.

A new combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon accordion calorimeter and a hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter was carried out at the CERN SPS. These devices are prototypes of the barrel calorimeter of the future ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The energy resolution of pions in the energy range from 10 to 300 GeV at an incident angle θ of about 12° is well described by the expression σ/E=((41.9±1.6)%/E+(1.8±0.1)%)⊕(1.8±0.1)/E, where E is in GeV. The response to electrons and muons was evaluated. Shower profiles, shower leakage and the angular resolution of hadronic showers were also studied. Results are compared with those from the previous beam test.

We present a measurement of the cross section for $Z$ production times the branching fraction to $\ensuremath{\tau}$ leptons, $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{Br}(Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ in the channel in which one $\ensuremath{\tau}$ decays into $\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, and the other into $\mathrm{hadrons}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ or $e{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $226\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The final sample contains 2008 candidate events with an estimated background of 55%. From this we obtain $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{Br}(Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=237\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15(\mathrm{\text{stat}})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}18(\mathrm{\text{sys}})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15(\mathrm{\text{lum}})\mathrm{pb}$, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

Using the data collected with the D0 detector at square root(s) = 1.96 TeV, for integrated luminosities of about 180 pb(-1), we have measured the ratio of inclusive cross sections for pp --> Z + b jet to pp --> Z + jet production. The inclusive Z + b-jet reaction is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Our measurement is the first of its kind, and relies on the Z --> e+ e- and Z --> mu+ mu- modes. The combined measurement of the ratio yields 0.021+/-0.005 for hadronic jets with transverse momenta pT > 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities absolute value(eta) < 2.5, consistent with next-to-leading-order predictions of the standard model.

This review describes sources of structures of non-microspore origin observed in anther and microspore cultures.Various characteristics of these structures may cause a wrong diagnosis of these structures as embryos or cell/tissue clusters of microspore origin.Here we suggest such structures to be named as pseudoembryogenic structures.The introduction of pseudo-embryogenic structures and their origins could be helpful to distinguish them from true microspore-derived structures.Prompted by certain environmental cues, somatic cells existing as a contamination in immature pollen (microspores) cultures can lead to the formation of 'pseudo-embryos' commonly known as embryoids.The pseudo-embryogenic structures may be classified in the following groups: (i) pseudo-star-like structures; pseudo-multicellular structures; (ii) pseudo-embryos with pseudo-suspensors; (iii) contaminating bacteria appearing as callus colonies; (iv) calli and embryos of somatic origin; (v) giant tetrad-like structures; (vi) anther wall cells.The exact origin of these structures is discussed in this paper, and some recommendations are proposed in order to avoid misinterpretation.

Abstract. We perform a fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) exercise in the Upper Rhine Graben to quantify the relative influence of fault parameters on the hazard at the Fessenheim nuclear power plant site. Specifically, we show that the potentially active faults described in the companion paper (Jomard et al., 2017, hereafter Part 1) are the dominant factor in hazard estimates at the low annual probability of exceedance relevant for the safety assessment of nuclear installations. Geological information documenting the activity of the faults in this region, however, remains sparse, controversial and affected by a high degree of uncertainty. A logic tree approach is thus implemented to explore the epistemic uncertainty and quantify its impact on the seismic hazard estimates. Disaggregation of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) hazard at a 10 000-year return period shows that the Rhine River fault is the main seismic source controlling the hazard level at the site. Sensitivity tests show that the uncertainty on the slip rate of the Rhine River fault is the dominant factor controlling the variability of the seismic hazard level, greater than the epistemic uncertainty due to ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Uncertainty on slip rate estimates from 0.04 to 0.1 mm yr−1 results in a 40 to 50 % increase in hazard levels at the 10 000-year target return period. Reducing epistemic uncertainty in future fault-based PSHA studies at this site will thus require (1) performing in-depth field studies to better characterize the seismic potential of the Rhine River fault; (2) complementing GMPEs with more physics-based modelling approaches to better account for the near-field effects of ground motion and (3) improving the modelling of the background seismicity. Indeed, in this exercise, we assume that background earthquakes can only host M &lt; 6. 0 earthquakes. However, this assumption is debatable, since faults that can host M &gt; 6. 0 earthquakes have been recently identified at depth within the Upper Rhine Graben (see Part 1) but are not accounted for in this exercise since their potential activity has not yet been described.

We investigated CO2-fixation potential in the flower bud of Lilium hyb. enchantment by testing the ability of inner flower organs to perform photosynthesis during pollen development. We first showed that photosynthetically active radiation crosses the tepals and reaches the inner fertile organs. Despite the absence of leaflike photoautotrophic tissue, the anther exhibited most characteristics compatible with CO2-fixation from premeiosis to the vacuolated microspore stage: (1) chlorophyll fluorescence and anatomical structures associated with photosynthetically active tissues were localized in the connective tissue, the epidermis, the endothecium and the middle layers; (2) in these cell types, plastids contained well-developed thylakoids and grana; (3) the photoautotrophic cell layers in the anthers had a chlorophyll concentration reaching 17.6% of the L5 leaf concentration and a Chl a/b ratio within a range of 1.5-1.9; (4) stomata density was more than twofold higher in the anther than in the L5 leaf; and (5) in anthers, CO2-assimilation at 100 μmol photon m-2 s-1 was 2.3 ± 0.29 μmol m-2 s-1 at the tetrad stage, which represented 72.6% of L5 leaf CO2-fixation. In the filament, the ovary, and the style, the Chl a/b ratio was similar to that of the anther, but plastid membranes were less developed and the low stomata density (less than 2 stomata mm-2) did not allow these organs to perform gas exchange rapidly.

We present measurements of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay channel Lambda(0)(b)--> J/psiLambda(0), with J/psi--> mu(+)mu(-) and Lambda(0)--> ppi(-), the B0 lifetime in the decay B0-->J/psiK(0)(S) with J/psi--> mu(+)mu(-) and K(0)(S)-->pi(+)pi(-), and the ratio of these lifetimes. The analysis is based on approximately 250 pb(-1) of data recorded with the D0 detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV. The Lambda(0)(b) lifetime is determined to be tau(Lambda(0)(b)) = 1.22(+0.22)(-0.18)(stat) +/- 0.04(syst) ps, the B0 lifetime tau(B0) = 1.40(+0.11)(-0.10)(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) ps, and the ratio tau(Lambda(0)(b))/tau(B0) = 0.87(+0.17)(-0.14)(stat) +/- 0.03(syst). In contrast with previous measurements using semileptonic decays, this is the first determination of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime based on a fully reconstructed decay channel.

The macroseismic and instrumental observations accumulated by the Bureau Central Sismologique Français and other national agencies over the last 100 years show that the northwestern part of metropolitan France is affected by an apparently diffuse and moderate intraplate seismicity.Far from any plate boundary, well-documented inherited structures, such as the Armorican shear zone network, the Sillon Houiller, and the normal faults related to the Atlantic ocean margin, likely exert significant control on the regional seismicity pattern.However, in the absence of a clearly measurable strain field, processes other than far-field tectonic stress loading such as erosion, gravitational potential energy, and/or hydraulic loadings can co-exist, but their respective influence on the current seismicity is debated and remains to be fully addressed.Reliable detection/location of low-to-moderate magnitude events is one of the most important challenges in the near future to better understand the processes that control this intraplate seismicity.As shown here for a limited region, this issue can be achieved positively, thanks to the new Résif-Epos network, in conjunction with sophisticated algorithms for both earthquakes' detection and discrimination.

The electromagnetic (e.m.) calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment for the Large Hadron Collider will be a sampling liquid argon accordion calorimeter. To achieve sufficient energy resolution, it is necessary to correct for the energy loss in the material upstream of the calorimeter. For this purpose, a separate presampler detector fixed on the inner face of the e.m. calorimeter, in the same cryostat, is being built by the ATLAS collaboration. Two presampler sectors have already been built and tested in their final version. The geometry of the detector and the various steps of its construction are reviewed. The hardware performance of the detector measured both at CERN and at the ISN-Grenoble (specific test bench) is discussed. It is concluded that the presampler will adequately fulfill its role for future operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

Abstract Global materials’ and energy constraints and environmental issues call for a holistic approach to waste upcycling. We propose a chemically rational, cost-effective and environmentally friendly recovery of non-leaching gold from e-waste using aqueous chemistry with hydrogen peroxide, an environmentally benign oxidant, and lactic acid, a food chain byproduct. The oxidation of the base metals enables the release of gold in its metallic state in the form of flakes subsequently separated via filtration. Our main byproduct is a precursor of Cu 2 O, a relevant metal oxide for solar energy conversion applications. The recovered gold was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to gain insight into the morphology of the flakes and their chemical composition. Furthermore, recovered gold was used to successfully fabricate the source and drain electrodes in organic field-effect transistors.

We search for anomalous production of heavy-flavor quark jets in association with W bosons at the Fermilab Tevatron pp Collider in final states in which the heavy-flavor quark content is enhanced by requiring at least one tagged jet in an event. Jets are tagged using one algorithm based on semileptonic decays of b/c hadrons, and another on their lifetimes. We compare e+jets (164 pb(-1)) and mu+jets (145 pb(-1)) channels collected with the D0 detector at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV to expectations from the standard model and set upper limits on anomalous production of such events.

The Tile Calorimeter, covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities of ±1.7, is a sampling device built with scintillating tiles that alternate with iron plates. The light is collected in wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers and is read out with photomultipliers. In the characteristic geometry of this calorimeter the tiles lie in planes perpendicular to the beams, resulting in a very simple and modular mechanical and optical layout. This paper focuses on the procedures applied in the optical instrumentation of the calorimeter, which involved the assembly of about 460,000 scintillator tiles and 550,000 WLS fibers. The outcome is a hadronic calorimeter that meets the ATLAS performance requirements, as shown in this paper.

This paper summarises the mechanical construction and installation of the Tile Calorimeter for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN, Switzerland. The Tile Calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter using scintillator as the sensitive detector and steel as the absorber and covers the central region of the ATLAS experiment up to pseudorapidities ±1.7. The mechanical construction of the Tile Calorimeter occurred over a period of about 10 years beginning in 1995 with the completion of the Technical Design Report and ending in 2006 with the installation of the final module in the ATLAS cavern. During this period approximately 2600 metric tons of steel were transformed into a laminated structure to form the absorber of the sampling calorimeter. Following instrumentation and testing, which is described elsewhere, the modules were installed in the ATLAS cavern with a remarkable accuracy for a structure of this size and weight.

The ATLAS experiment records data from the proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Tile Calorimeter is the hadronic sampling calorimeter of ATLAS in the region |η| <; 1.7. It uses iron absorbers and scintillators as active material. The LHC will provide collisions every 25 ns, putting very strong requirements on the energy measurement in presence of energy deposits from different collisions in the same read out window and physical calorimeter channel (pile-up). In 2011 the LHC is running with filled bunches at 50 ns spacing and at intensities which yield up to about 8 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing. We present a quality factor that can be computed online for each collision and for each calorimeter channel within the 10 μs latency of the ATLAS first level trigger (L1 trigger), and could allow to identify calorimeter channels presenting pile-up. In presence of a poor quality factor the data from the corresponding channel is read out with additional information to allow for an offline dedicated treatment of the signals to account for pile-up.

Abstract The new electronics of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for the HL-LHC interfaces the on-detector and off-detector electronics by means of a Daughterboard. The Daughterboard is positioned on-detector featuring commercial SFPs+, CERN GBTx ASICs, ProASIC FPGAs and Kintex Ultrascale FPGAs. The design minimizes single points of failure and mitigates radiation damage by means of a double redundant scheme, Triple Mode Redundancy, Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation IP, CRC/FEC for link data transfer, and SEL protection circuitry. We present an updated summary of the TID, NIEL and SEE qualification tests, and performance studies of the Daughterboard revision 6 design.

We propose an affordable and safe route to recover palladium in its metallic form from waste fashion items and recycle it in electronic devices.

This paper summarizes the design strategies and results of the radiation studies of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) read-out link and control Daughterboard for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A total of 896 Daughterboards will interface the on- and off-detector electronics through 5376 optical multi-Gbps links powered by CERN radiation hard GBTx ASICs, Microsemi ProASIC FPGAs and Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGAs. Each Daughterboard receives configuration commands, while recovering and phase adjusting LHC synchronized clocks that drive multiple sampling ADCs in the front-end. Simultaneously, continuous high-speed readout of digitized PMT samples, slow control and monitoring data is sent to the off-detector. Different variants of commercial off-the-shelf components have been studied under radiation to be qualified for the radiation levels simulated for the entire HL-LHC lifetime. Additionally, the design minimizes possible single points of failure induced by sensitivity to radiation damage by employing a double-redundant scheme, implementing Triple Mode Redundancy in the firmware designs, enabling the Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation solution in the Kintex FPGAs, and using Forward Error Correction (FEC) in all the links.

Abstract Background: Bacillus subtilis strains have been widely studied for their innumerous benefits in agriculture, including viticulture. Providing numerous assets, B. subtilis spp. are described as promising plant-protectors against many pathogens and as influencers to adaptations in a changing environment. This study reports the draft genome sequence of the beneficial Bacillus subtilis PTA-271, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay at Champagne Region in France, attempting to draw outlines of its full biocontrol capacity. Results: The PTA-271 genome has a size of 4,001,755 bp, with 43.78% of G + C content and 3,945 protein coding genes. The draft genome of PTA-271 highlights (1) a functional swarming motility system hypothesizing a colonizing capacity and a strong interacting capacity, (2) strong survival capacities and (3) a set of genes encoding for bioactive substances. Bioactive compounds are known both to (i) stimulate plant growth or defenses such as hormones and elicitors, (ii) influence beneficial microbiota, and (ii) counteract pathogen aggressiveness such as effectors and many kinds of detoxifying enzymes. Conclusions: The plurality of the encoded biomolecules by Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 genome appears as strengths for PTA-271 biocontrol potential towards plants, offering a big potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens despite environmental constraints.

SUMMARY Seismic hazard assessment (SHA) requires earthquake events characterized in terms of the moment magnitude (Mw) scale both in the earthquake catalogues and in the ground motion databases (SHA data sets). However, published Mw estimates for the same event may actually differ due to the adoption of different computation methods, input data, or seismic networks. The main objective of this paper is to develop a novel strategy to assign a unique Mw value for each earthquake and unified to an Mw reference data set that can be applied to low-to-moderate seismicity regions (Mw &amp;lt; 4.5) such as Metropolitan France, the target region of our study. The strategy consists of first collecting all Mw estimated directly by spectral or temporal inversion in a large area of the European–Mediterranean zone, including regional and specific studies in our target region. Then, the sources of Mw estimates are ranked in five different categories, from global to specific studies. A GCMT (Global Centroid Moment Tensor project) standard Mw value is recomputed and a quality flag is assigned depending on the level of the information provided by the sources. Mw estimates are then compared at the European–Mediterranean scale with those provided by the CMT services, chosen as reference. Mw estimates are subsequently corrected for their systematic deviations by progressively including lower magnitude estimates as one moves from high ranked categories to lower ones at each step of the unification procedure. In this work, the collected data set contains 6752 Mw estimates of 4454 shallow events (depth &amp;lt; 40 km) that occurred between 1963 and 2019 and computed by 34 sources (bulletins, publications,…, etc). A unified Mw value could be attributed to 185 events (2.36 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.35) in France and neighbouring regions and 3351 events (3.06 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.57) in the European–Mediterranean region. Finally, we showed that this Mw data set is consistent with European SHA data sets but leads to slightly larger Mw values compared to the French SHA data sets. We also noted that some variability still subsist in Mw data set compared to the existing SHA data sets, especially for Mw &amp;lt; 5.0. This new unified Mw data set is a first step toward the building of future catalogues. It will contribute to greatly improve the coherence of Mw definitions in the next generation of SHA data sets for both metropolitan France and Europe.

The production of the scintillator tiles for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter is presented. In addition to the manufacture and production, the properties of the tiles will be presented including light yield, uniformity and stability.

We are developing a site-specific logic tree approach for a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment at Tricastin, a nuclear site located in the south-east of France, where potentially active faults have been identified. The aim of the logic tree developed in this paper is to compare hazard levels computed according to three main hypotheses (branches) that consider alternative source models (zoning/faulting) as well as alternative seismicity models for the faults (Gutenberg-Richter/characteristic earthquakes). A preliminary exploration of a reduced number of uncertainties, clearly shows that diffuse source zone models lead to hazard results for this site that are higher when compared to fault source models. This holds for short and long return periods and for all spectral values of the ground motion. We attribute this mainly to the source-to-site distance of the fault sources. Indeed, with the exception of a hypothetical blind fault modeled near the site, fault sources are all located more than 25 km from the site. Disaggregation results for the Tricastin site of a source zone scenario at 10 -4 annual probability show that intermediate range magnitudes located at close distances to the site are indeed the controlling events at PGA but at higher spectral periods (0.5 s) greater magnitudes located at larger distances do contribute. Uniform hazard spectra of fault sources show also a significant pseudo spectral acceleration level at central spectral periods for return periods comparable to those of maximum magnitudes. Thus future work requires a more thorough investigation of fault source models.

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) requires the establishment of earthquake catalogs in the moment magnitude (Mw) scale, consistent with that used to derive Ground Motion Prediction Equations. The Si-Hex catalog (1962-2009) is the first catalog of instrumental seismicity in Mw published for metropolitan France. It represents a breakthrough in terms of merging all the data collected by the various French observation services. However, uncertainties remain especially concerning the coherence of Mw at the European level. In order to obtain an Mw catalog that is coherent with the neighboring countries, we propose to follow a similar strategy to the one employed for the Italian catalog. In the first step, an extensive dataset of Mw is collected from several national and foreign agencies or specific studies. Heterogeneities exist between these Mw due to the use of different computation methods, input data and seismic networks. The Mw are then unified by correcting the systematic discrepancies relative to the Harvard Mw (GCMT). In the second step, a magnitude scale conversion is developed between these Mw and the local French magnitudes (ML_LDG), and applied to all seismic events without a direct estimation of Mw (the majority of events). Finally, this new instrumental catalog is compared with Si-Hex, as well as with neighboring countries' catalogs in terms of Mw and impact on hazard.

The southern part of the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) straddling the border between eastern France and western Germany, presents a relatively important seismic activity for an intraplate area. A magnitude 5 or greater shakes the URG every 25 years and in 1356 a magnitude greater than 6.5 struck the city of Basel. Several potentially active faults have been identified in the area and documented in the French Active Fault Database (web site in construction). These faults are located along the Graben boundaries and also inside the Graben itself, beneath heavily populated areas and critical facilities (including the Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant). These faults are prone to produce earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above. Published regional models and preliminary geomorphological investigations provided provisional assessment of slip rates for the individual faults (0.1-0.001 mm/a) resulting in recurrence time of 10 000 years or greater for magnitude 6+ earthquakes. Using a fault model, ground motion response spectra are calculated for annual frequencies of exceedance (AFE) ranging from 10-4 to 10-8 per year, typical for design basis and probabilistic safety analyses of NPPs. A logic tree is implemented to evaluate uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment. The choice of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and range of slip rate uncertainty are the main sources of seismic hazard variability at the NPP site. In fact, the hazard for AFE lower than 10-4 is mostly controlled by the potentially active nearby Rhine River fault. Compared with areal source zone models, a fault model localizes the hazard around the active faults and changes the shape of the Uniform Hazard Spectrum at the site. Seismic hazard deaggregations are performed to identify the earthquake scenarios (including magnitude, distance and the number of standard deviations from the median ground motion as predicted by GMPEs) that contribute to the exceedance of spectral acceleration for the different AFE levels. These scenarios are finally examined with respect to the seismicity data available in paleoseismic, historic and instrumental catalogues.

This paper presents the results of several searches for dark matter with the ATLAS experiment at Large Hadron Collider using proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV. These include searches for events with large missing transverse momentum and a photon, a single jet or W/Z boson. Both hadronic and leptonic W/Z decays are considered. In a number of models, the dark matter particles can be produced in association with heavy flavour (top or b-quarks). Results of these searches are summarised.

The Large Hadron Collider located at CERN is currently the most powerful particle accelerator and ATLAS is an experiment designed to exploit the high energy proton-proton collisions provided by the LHC. It opens a unique window to search for new physics at very high energy, such as supersymmetry, a postulated symmetry between fermions and bosons.Supersymmetry can provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and a candidate for Dark Matter. It also predicts the existence of new particles with masses around 1 TeV, thus reachable with the LHC. This thesis presents a new search for supersymmetry in a previously unexplored search channel, namely the production of charginos and neutralinos directly decaying to electroweak on-shell gauge bosons, with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in the final state. The search is performed with proton-proton collision data at a center of mass energy of √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment in 2012. The design of a signal region sensitive to the new signal is presented and a data driven technique to estimate the Z+jets background is developed.Precise measurements of hadronic jet energies are crucial to search for new physics with ATLAS. A precise energy measurement of hadronic jets requires detailed knowledge of the pulse-shapes from the hadron calorimeter signals. Performance of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter in this respect is presented using both pion test-beams and proton–proton collision data.

Abstract. We perform a fault-based PSHA exercise in the Upper Rhine Graben to quantify the relative influence of fault parameters on the hazard at the Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant site. Specifically, we show that the potentially active faults described in Part A of this paper (Jomard et al., submitted this issue) are the dominant factor in hazard estimates at the low annual probability of exceedance relevant for the safety assessment of nuclear installations. Geological information documenting the activity of the faults in this region, however, remains sparse, controversial and affected by a high degree of uncertainty. A logic tree approach is thus implemented to explore the epistemic uncertainty and quantify its impact on the seismic hazard estimates. Disaggregation of the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) hazard at 10,000 years return period shows that the Rhine River Fault is the main seismic source controlling the hazard level at the site. The choice of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE) is the major source of uncertainty. Nonetheless the parameters describing the geometry and the seismic activity of the faults (dip, width, slip rate) also have an impact on the result depending on the GMPE used. The uncertainty on the slip rate of the Rhine River Fault is the second most dominant factor controlling the uncertainty on the seismic hazard level. Uncertainty on slip rate estimates from 0.04 mm/yr to 0.1 mm/yr results in up to 40 % increase in hazard levels at the 10,000 years return period target depending on the GMPE used and the spectral frequency of interest. Reducing epistemic uncertainty in future fault-based PSHA studies at this site will thus require (1) performing in-depth field studies to better characterize the seismic potential of the Rhine River Fault; (2) complementing GMPEs with more physics-based modeling approaches to better account for the near-field effects of ground motion and (3) improving the modeling of the background seismicity. Indeed, in this exercise, we assume that background earthquakes can only host M 6.0 earthquakes have been recently identified at depth within the Upper Rhine Graben (see Part A) but are not accounted for in this exercise since their potential activity has not yet been described.

The Large Hadron Collider located at CERN is currently the most powerful particle accelerator and ATLAS is an experiment designed to exploit the high energy proton-proton collisions provided by the LHC. It opens a unique window to search for new physics at very high energy, such as supersymmetry, a postulated symmetry between fermions and bosons.Supersymmetry can provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and a candidate for Dark Matter. It also predicts the existence of new particles with masses around 1 TeV, thus reachable with the LHC. This thesis presents a new search for supersymmetry in a previously unexplored search channel, namely the production of charginos and neutralinos directly decaying to electroweak on-shell gauge bosons, with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in the final state. The search is performed with proton-proton collision data at a center of mass energy of √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment in 2012. The design of a signal region sensitive to the new signal is presented and a data driven technique to estimate the Z+jets background is developed.Precise measurements of hadronic jet energies are crucial to search for new physics with ATLAS. A precise energy measurement of hadronic jets requires detailed knowledge of the pulse-shapes from the hadron calorimeter signals. Performance of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter in this respect is presented using both pion test-beams and proton–proton collision data.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778822010082

The new electronics of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for the HL-LHC interfaces the on-detector and off-detector electronics by means of a Daughterboard. The Daughterboard is positioned on-detector featuring commercial SFPs+, CERN GBTx ASICs, ProASIC FPGAs and Kintex Ultrascale FPGAs. The design minimizes single points of failure and mitigates radiation damage by means of a double redundant scheme, Triple Mode Redundancy, Xilinx Soft Error Mitigation IP, CRC/FEC for link data transfer, and SEL protection circuitry. We present an updated summary of the TID, NIEL and SEE qualification tests, and performance studies of the Daughterboard revision 6 design.

Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Given their close proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed ...

Abstract Background : Bacillus subtilis strains have been widely studied for their innumerous benefits in agriculture, including viticulture. Providing numerous assets, B. subtilis spp. are widely described as promising grapevine-protectors against a broad spectrum of pathogens, ranging from biotroph to necrotroph. B. subtilis spp. may both elicit host defenses and promote host vigor, but may also directly antagonize pathogens and detoxify their aggressive molecules. This study reports the draft genome sequence of the Bacillus subtilis PTA-271, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay at Champagne Region in France, attempting to draw outlines of its full biocontrol capacity. Results : The PTA-271 genome has a size of 4,001,755 bp, with 43.78% of G + C content and 3,945 protein coding genes. The draft genome of PTA-271 highlights (1) a functional swarming motility system hypothesizing a colonizing capacity and a strong interacting capacity, (2) strong survival capacities and (3) a set of genes encoding for bioactive substances. Bioactive compounds are known both (i) to stimulate plant growth or defenses such as hormones and elicitors, and (ii) to counteract pathogen aggressiveness such as effectors and many kinds of detoxifying enzymes. Conclusions : The plurality of the encoded biomolecules by Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 genome appears as strengths for PTA-271 biocontrol potential towards plants, offering a big potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens, especially those responsible for the complex grapevine trunk diseases.

Abstract Background: Bacillus subtilis strains have been widely studied for their innumerous benefits in agriculture, including viticulture. Providing numerous assets, B. subtilis spp. are described as promising plant-protectors against many pathogens and as influencers to adaptations in a changing environment. This study reports the draft genome sequence of the beneficial Bacillus subtilis PTA-271, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay at Champagne Region in France, attempting to draw outlines of its full biocontrol capacity. Results: The PTA-271 genome has a size of 4,001,755 bp, with 43.78% of G + C content and 3,945 protein coding genes. The draft genome of PTA-271 putatively highlights a functional swarming motility system hypothesizing a colonizing capacity and a strong interacting capacity, strong survival capacities and a set of genes encoding for bioactive substances. Predicted bioactive compounds are known both to: stimulate plant growth or defenses such as hormones and elicitors, influence beneficial microbiota, and counteract pathogen aggressiveness such as effectors and many kinds of detoxifying enzymes. Conclusions: Plurality of the putatively encoded biomolecules by Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 genome appears as strengths for PTA-271 biocontrol potential towards plants, highlighting a big potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens whatever environmental constraints.

I present the latest results from the CDF and D0 collaborations on top quark production (single top and top quark pair production) at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at sqrt(s) =1.96 TeV, measurements of the top quark decay properties such as the branching ratio B(t -> Wb), the W helicity in t -> Wb decays, and measurements of fundamental parameters such as the top quark charge and mass.

I present the latest results from the CDF and D0 collaborations on top quark production (single top and top quark pair production) at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at sqrt(s) =1.96 TeV, measurements of the top quark decay properties such as the branching ratio B(t -&gt; Wb), the W helicity in t -&gt; Wb decays, and measurements of fundamental parameters such as the top quark charge and mass.

Vineal est un contrat d'objectif qu'Europol'Agro, association interface entre les chercheurs et les partenaires financiers, a signe avec l'Universite de Reims, l'INRA et le CNRS. L'objectif est de coordonner la recherche champenoise en matiere de viticulture et d'oenologie afin de mettre en synergie les competences de recherche des equipes locales et de rationaliser les moyens investis pour la recherche et le developpement par les collectivites locales et territoriales (Conseil Regional, Conseil General, Fondation du site Paris Reims, Ville de Reims). Vineal est d'ailleurs en phase avec le contrat de plan etat-region : il a debute en l'an 2000 et un « Vineal 2 » devrait voir le jour avec le nouveau contrat de plan.

The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment. It is a scintillating plastic tiles and steel absorbers sampling calorimeter. The scintillators are read-out by wavelength shifting fibers coupled to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The TileCal response and its readout electronics are monitored to better than 1 $$\%$$ using radioactive source, laser and charge injection systems. The TileCal electronics will undergo major upgrades for the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC), so that the system can cope with increased radiation and can meet the requirements of a 1-MHz trigger. Digitized signals from all PMTs are sent to the back-end electronics and to the first level of trigger at 40 MHz. This will provide better precision in the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex trigger algorithms. The TileCal upgrade program has included extensive R&D and test beam studies. A Demonstrator module was inserted in ATLAS in 2019 for testing in actual detector conditions. The main features of the TileCal upgrade program and results obtained from the Demonstrator tests are discussed.

Abstract Background: Bacillus subtilis strains have been widely studied for their numerous benefits in agriculture, including viticulture. Providing several assets, B. subtilis spp. are described as promising plant-protectors against many pathogens and as influencers to adaptations in a changing environment. This study reports the draft genome sequence of the beneficial Bacillus subtilis PTA-271, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay at Champagne Region in France, attempting to draw outlines of its full biocontrol capacity. Results: The PTA-271 genome has a size of 4,001,755 bp, with 43.78% of G + C content and 3,945 protein coding genes. The draft genome of PTA-271 putatively highlights a functional swarming motility system hypothesizing a colonizing capacity and a strong interacting capacity, strong survival capacities and a set of genes encoding for bioactive substances. Predicted bioactive compounds are known to: stimulate plant growth or defenses such as hormones and elicitors, influence beneficial microbiota, and counteract pathogen aggressiveness such as effectors and many kinds of detoxifying enzymes. Conclusions: Plurality of the putatively encoded biomolecules by Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 genome suggests environmentally robust biocontrol potential of PTA-271, protecting plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens.

L'imagerie sismique crustale, principalement par sismique reflexion marine, est mise en oeuvre dans deux zones deformees et sismiquement actives en grece. Dans le contexte de la convergence hellenique, les profils obtenus et traites dans la region des iles ioniennes etablissent l'extension regionale d'une interface majeure a 12 km de profondeur avec un pendage vers les iles. Son interpretation proposee comme la limite interplaque de subduction dans sa partie sismogenique est etayee par la profondeur correspondante des seismes majeurs en chevauchement. Cette profondeur apparait aussi comme une limite entre les types de mecanismes au foyer de la microsismicite courante et de la structure de vitesse p resultant d'une inversion tomographique. Ces resultats sont issus du deploiement temporaire d'un reseau de 35 stations sismologiques 3-composantes dote de sismographes fond de mer. Dans le rift actuel du golfe de corinthe, on obtient pour la premiere fois des mesures de la profondeur du socle et une resolution fine de la serie sedimentaire, par un traitement specifique de migration avant sommation. Un profil axial etablit ainsi que le socle est moins profond qu'attendu et que ni sa topographie, ni la stratification sedimentaire ne sont paralleles au fond plat du bassin marin profond, ce qui est confirme par deux transects. Le transect ouest, a la longitude du golfe d'itea montre un changement de vergence de l'extension, avec une serie actuelle synrift controlee par une faille au sud et deformee en anticlinal avec effondrement de crete. Cette faille est imagee avec un pendage superieur a 40 a partir de la surface et peut etre prolongee par des reflecteurs intra-socle de pendage plus faible sous le bassin vers la zone des hypocentres des seismes tel celui dit d'aigion en 1995. La resolution fine de la coupe profondeur permet une reconstitution palinspastique et l'etude de l'evolution des centres de depot et du jeu des failles, donnant acces a l'histoire de la deformation.

Electromagnetic Calorimetry for the ATLAS Experiment and Studies of R-Parity Violating Supersymmetry

Experimental results obtained for deflection of 450 GeV/c protons channeling along the {111} planes in a bent, strongly irradiated silicon crystal are presented. A comparison between the deflection efficiencies in irradiated areas and non-irradiated areas in the crystal shows that irradiation by 2.4·10 protons/cm leads to a reduction of around 30% in deflection efficiency. As a consequence, beam-splitting and extraction from an accelerator by means of a bent crystal are feasible solutions at high energies even for intense beams and during long periods.