A. Sharma

A search for supersymmetry with R-parity conservation in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed in events with jets and significant missing transverse energy, characteristic of the decays of heavy, pair-produced squarks and gluinos. The primary background, from standard model multijet production, is reduced by several orders of magnitude to a negligible level by the application of a set of robust kinematic requirements. With this selection, the data are consistent with the standard model backgrounds, namely t t-bar, W + jet and Z + jet production, which are estimated from data control samples. Limits are set on the parameters of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. These limits extend those set previously by experiments at the Tevatron and LEP colliders.

We report the results of systematic investigations on the operating properties of detectors based on the gas electron multiplier (GEM). The dependence of gain and charge collection efficiency on the external fields has been studied in a range of values for the hole diameter and pitch. The collection efficiency of ionization electrons into the multiplier, after an initial increase, reaches a plateau extending to higher values of drift field the larger the GEM voltage and its optical transparency. The effective gain, fraction of electrons collected by an electrode following the multiplier, increases almost linearly with the collection field, until entering a steeper parallel plate multiplication regime. The maximum effective gain attainable increases with the reduction in the hole diameter, stabilizing to a constant value at a diameter approximately corresponding to the foil thickness. Charge transfer properties appear to depend only on ratios of fields outside and within the channels, with no interaction between the external fields. With proper design, GEM detectors can be optimized to satisfy a wide range of experimental requirements: tracking of minimum ionizing particles, good electron collection with small distortions in high magnetic fields, improved multi-track resolution and strong ion feedback suppression in large volume and time-projection chambers.

Results are presented of a search for heavy stable charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.5 fb−1 collected in 2015 with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The search is conducted using signatures of anomalously high energy deposits in the silicon tracker and long time-of-flight measurements by the muon system. The data are consistent with the expected background, and upper limits are set on the cross sections for production of long-lived gluinos, top squarks, tau sleptons, and leptonlike long-lived fermions. These upper limits are equivalently expressed as lower limits on the masses of new states; the limits for gluinos, ranging up to 1610 GeV, are the most stringent to date. Limits on the cross sections for direct pair production of long-lived tau sleptons are also determined.Received 27 September 2016DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.112004Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.© 2016 CERN, for the CMS CollaborationPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasHypothetical particle physics modelsSupersymmetryParticles & Fields

▪ Abstract Introduced in 1988, microstrip gas chambers perform considerably better than classic multiwire detectors. Excellent localization, high rate capability, and good granularity make them attractive for charged-particle tracking at high-luminosity colliders, among other applications. The technology continues to improve; for example, substrates have been developed that prevent charge accumulations. Some problems persist, namely the slow degradation under sustained irradiation (aging) and the serious damage that can result from accidental discharges. New types of detectors aim at improving on these points; the microdot, micromegas, and gas electron multiplier detectors are promising examples. They are generally more reliable and cheaper.

We present and discuss a set of systematic measurements, carried out with gaseous proportional micro-pattern detectors, in order to assess their maximum gain when irradiated with high-rate soft X-rays and heavily ionizing alpha particles. The inventory of detectors tested includes: micro-strips, micromegas, micro-dot, gas electron multiplier, CAT (compteur à trous), trench (or groove), micro-CAT (or WELL) detectors, as well as systems with two elements of gaseous amplification in cascade. We confirm the general trend of all single-stage detectors to follow Raether's criterion, i.e. a spontaneous transition from avalanche to streamer, followed by a discharge, when the avalanche size reaches a value of a few 107; a noticeable exception is the micro-dot counter holding more than 108. In multiple structures, where the gain is shared between two devices in cascade, the maximum overall gain under irradiation is increased by at least one order of magnitude; we speculate this to be a consequence of a voltage dependence of Raether's limit, larger for low operating potentials. Our conclusion is that only multiple devices can guarantee a sufficient margin of reliability for operation in harsh LHC running conditions.

A bstract A search for anomalous production of events with three or more isolated leptons in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\,TeV $ is presented. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb −1 , were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during the 2011 run. The search is applicable to any model of new physics that enhances multiple lepton production. The observed multilepton events are categorized into exclusive search channels based on the identity and kinematics of the objects in the events. An estimate of the standard-model background rates from data is emphasized, but simulation is also used to estimate some of the background rates. The search results are interpreted in the context of supersymmetry, including both R -parity-conserving and R -parity-violating models. We derive exclusion limits as a function of squark, gluino, and chargino masses.

Differential and double-differential cross sections for the production of top quark pairs in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV are measured as a function of jet multiplicity and of kinematic variables of the top quarks and the top quark-antiquark system. This analysis is based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurements are performed in the lepton+jets decay channels with a single muon or electron in the final state. The differential cross sections are presented at particle level, within a phase space close to the experimental acceptance, and at parton level in the full phase space. The results are compared to several standard model predictions.

A search for narrow resonances in dielectron and dimuon invariant mass spectra has been performed using data obtained from proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector. The integrated luminosity for the dielectron sample is 2.7 inverse femtobarns and for the dimuon sample 2.9 inverse femtobarns. The sensitivity of the search is increased by combining these data with a previously analysed set of data obtained at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and corresponding to a luminosity of 20 inverse femtobarns. No evidence for non-standard-model physics is found, either in the 13 TeV data set alone, or in the combined data set. Upper limits on the product of production cross section and branching fraction have also been calculated in a model-independent manner to enable interpretation in models predicting a narrow dielectron or dimuon resonance structure. Limits are set on the masses of hypothetical particles that could appear in new-physics scenarios. For the Z'[SSM] particle, which arises in the sequential standard model, and for the superstring inspired Z'[psi] particle, 95% confidence level lower mass limits for the combined data sets and combined channels are found to be 3.37 and 2.82 TeV, respectively. The corresponding limits for Kaluza-Klein gravitons arising in the Randall-Sundrum model of extra dimensions with coupling parameters 0.01 and 0.10 are 1.46 and 3.11 TeV, respectively. These results significantly exceed the limits based on the 8 TeV LHC data.

Gas detectors for elementary particles require F-based gases for optimal performance. Recent regulations demand the use of environmentally unfriendly F-based gases to be limited or banned. This work studies properties of potential eco-friendly gas replacements by computing the physical and chemical parameters relevant for use as detector media, and suggests candidates to be considered for experimental investigation.

There has been an increase in interest in digitizing and preserving old books and papers in the last few years. The quick advancement of data innovation and the Internet’s quick spread has also contributed to the enormous volume of image and video data. The texts that are included in the image and video assist us in analyzing them and are also utilized for indexing, archiving, and retrieval. Different noises, such as Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, speckle noise, etc., can readily damage an image. Several image filtering algorithms, including the Gaussian filter, mean filter, median filter, etc., are employed to eliminate these various noises from images. This article analyses the impact of several pre-processing approaches, such as thresholding, morphology, and blurring procedures, to maximise text extraction strategies. The experiment’s findings demonstrate that pre-processing approaches unquestionably improve the document’s structural and visual quality.

We describe recent measurements realized with the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) mesh added as pre-amplification element to a multiwire and a micro-strip chamber. Large, stable combined gains are obtained, with good uniformity and energy resolution, in a wide range of filling gases including non-flammable mixtures; coupled to a micro-strip plate, the pre-amplification element allows the detector to maintain the high-rate capability and resolution at considerably lower operating voltages, completely eliminating discharge problems. Charge gains are large enough to allow detection of signals in the ionization mode on the last element, permitting the use of a simple printed circuit as read-out electrode; two-dimensional read out can then be easily implemented. The absence of charge multiplication in the last stage avoids charge build-up on the substrate and prevents ageing phenomena. A new generation of simple, reliable and cheap fast position-sensitive detectors seems at hand.

The t t-bar production cross section and top quark mass are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements are performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state. Results of the cross section measurement in events with and without b-quark identification are obtained and combined. The measured value is sigma(t t-bar)=168 +/- 18 (stat.) +/- 14 (syst.) +/- 7 (lumi.) pb, consistent with predictions from the standard model. The top quark mass m(top) is reconstructed with two different methods, a full kinematic analysis and a matrix weighting technique. The combination yields a measurement of m(top)=175.5 +/- 4.6 (stat.) +/- 4.6 (syst.) GeV/c^2.

Water monitoring and remediation require robust, low-cost, and reliable test systems that can couple with prompt treatment interventions. Organic matter (BOD, COD), toxicants, heavy metals, and other pollutants in water need to be regularly inspected. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have already gained popularity as BOD biomonitoring systems as these don't need an external transducer or power source. Moreover, these systems are cost-effective, compact, biodegradable, reusable, portable, and applicable for on-site measurements. MFCs truly stands out as online BOD measurement devices as they provide wide detection range (0–25 g/L), low response time (2–4 min) and longer stability in continuous operations (2–5 years) in a cost-effective approach. This review examines the benefits, kinds, performance metrics, and signal optimization of the current state-of-the-art of the BOD measurement, with detailed focus on MFC-based BOD biomonitoring systems. This review covers the important technological breakthroughs in practical applications with associated bottlenecks to develop reliable sensing systems.

The effect of different bioagents such as Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis was studied on seed mycoflora, seed germination, root/shoot length, and seedling vigour of cucumber var. Solan Srijan under in vitro conditions. Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium spp. were observed on cucumber as seed mycoflora, with T. harzianum showing the greatest inhibition for Alternaria sp. and Fusarium spp., and T. viride showing the greatest inhibition for Aspergillus sp. Cucumber var. Solan Srijan seeds were treated with various bio agents, with T. harzianum being the most effective in increasing seed germination (88.75%), root length (13.58 cm), shoot length (14.58 cm), and seedling vigour (2501.31).

Objective Because of the anatomical complexity of the oral and maxillofacial sites, repairing bone defects in these regions is very difficult. This review article aims to consider the application of biocomposites-based strategies for dental bone regeneration. Study Design Research papers related to the topic, published over the last 20 years, were selected using the Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results The strategies of monophasic, biphasic/multiphasic scaffolds, and biopolymer-based nanocomposite scaffolds containing nanomaterials compared with traditional methods used for bone regeneration, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts are found to be superior because of their ability to overcome the issues (e.g., limited bone sources, pain, immune responses, high cost) related to the applications of the traditional methods. Conclusions In addition, additive manufacturing technologies were found to be highly advantageous for improving the efficacy of biocomposite scaffolds for treating dental bone defects. Because of the anatomical complexity of the oral and maxillofacial sites, repairing bone defects in these regions is very difficult. This review article aims to consider the application of biocomposites-based strategies for dental bone regeneration. Research papers related to the topic, published over the last 20 years, were selected using the Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The strategies of monophasic, biphasic/multiphasic scaffolds, and biopolymer-based nanocomposite scaffolds containing nanomaterials compared with traditional methods used for bone regeneration, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts are found to be superior because of their ability to overcome the issues (e.g., limited bone sources, pain, immune responses, high cost) related to the applications of the traditional methods. In addition, additive manufacturing technologies were found to be highly advantageous for improving the efficacy of biocomposite scaffolds for treating dental bone defects.

We describe operating principles and results obtained with a new detector element: the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). Consisting of a thin composite sheet with two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, and pierced by a regular matrix of open channels, the GEM electrode, inserted on the path of electrons in a gas detector, allows the transfer of charge with an amplification factor approaching ten. Uniform response and high rate capability are demonstrated. Coupled to another device, multiwire or micro-strip chamber, the GEM electrode permits higher gains or less critical operation; separation of the sensitive (conversion) volume and the detection volume have other advantages: a built-in delay (useful for triggering purposes), and the possibility of applying high fields on the photo-cathode of ring imaging detectors to improve efficiency. Multiple GEM grids in the same gas volume allow large amplification factors to be achieved in a succession of steps, leading to the realization of an effective gas-filled photomultiplier.

The results of searches for new physics in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state are presented. The searches use an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1 of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed numbers of events agree with the standard model predictions, and no evidence for new physics is found. To facilitate the interpretation of our data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on our event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.

A search is presented for W' bosons in events with an electron or muon and large missing transverse momentum, using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2015 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. No evidence of an excess of events relative to the standard model expectations is observed. For a W' boson described by the sequential standard model, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction and lower limits are established on the new boson mass. Masses below 4.1 TeV are excluded combining electron and muon decay channels, significantly improving upon the results obtained with the 8 TeV data. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the W' production cross section and branching fraction are also derived in combination with the 8 TeV data. Finally, exclusion limits are set for the production of generic W' bosons decaying into this final state using a model-independent approach.

The cross section of top quark-antiquark pair production in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] is measured by the CMS experiment at the LHC, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2[Formula: see text]. The measurement is performed by analyzing events in which the final state includes one electron, one muon, and two or more jets, at least one of which is identified as originating from hadronization of a b quark. The measured cross section is [Formula: see text], in agreement with the expectation from the standard model.

Physiological measurements are an important parameter of a person’s health. Therefore, we must take the information about our body’s physiological measurements to remain updated with our health status. There are a huge number of patients and few physicians in this world. This is creating an imbalance in the health industry. To cope with the imbalance, there is a high need for an application that allows users to monitor their health in case of an emergency. This paper proposes novel algorithms and methods to measure a person’s heart rate and blood pressure using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. PPG signals are captured through the Android cell phone flashlight camera. The heart rates calculated from the android application are compared with the digital blood pressure and heart rate monitor medical device, we achieved an encouraging accuracy of nearly 98%.

Upsurge in mucormycosis cases in the second wave of SARS CoV2 infection in India has been reported. Uncontrolled diabetes is the major predisposing risk factor for these cases. The early diagnosis and surgical intervention with medical treatment may result in good clinical outcomes. The glycaemic control in diabetic patients also favours better treatment outcome in patients suffering from mucormycosis.

This report summarizes some useful data on the transport characteristics of gas mixtures which are required for detection of charged particles in gas detectors. We try to replace Freon used for RPC detector in the CMS experiment with another gas while maintaining the good properties of the Freon gas mixture unchanged. We try to switch to freonless gas mixture because Freon is not a green gas, it is very expensive and its availability is decreasing. Noble gases like Ar, He, Ne and Xe (with some quenchers like carbon dioxide, methane, ethane and isobutene) are investigated. Transport parameters like drift velocity, diffusion, Townsend coefficient, attachment coefficient and Lorentz angle are computed using Garfield software for different gas mixtures and compared with experimental data.

In view of an upgrade of the CMS experiment, the GEM for CMS collaboration is performing feasibility studies on employing Triple-GEM detectors for the high-η region (1.6–2.4) of the CMS endcaps. A detailed review of the development and characterization of the CMS full-size prototype baseline detector will be presented. GEMs have excellent spatial and time resolution, high rate capability and radiation hardness, they are an appealing option for simultaneously enhancing muon tracking and triggering capabilities in the high-η region. The GEM for CMS collaboration has studied the performance of small and full-size prototype detectors during several test beam campaigns in order to validate new technologies and techniques in view of a mass production for CMS experiment. Results from measurements with x-rays and from test beam campaigns at the CERN SPS will be shown from both small and large prototypes.

Macrocyclic ligand chemistry is seen by a growing number of scientists as a tool for designing new molecules with inherently selective properties. Metal coordinated macrocyclic rings are featured with exceptionally stable π-conjugated cyclic systems containing the metal ion in the central cavity. The cyclic tetra dentate framework of the four central nitrogen atoms makes these macrocyclic rings system unique chelating agents, in addition, these conjugated double bonds impart a vital effect in electrons transportation. Because of inimitable characteristics, these metal coordinated macrocyclic compounds have been effectively applied as catalysts in various important organic transformations. Hence, this review portrays the overview of metal coordinated macrocyclic molecules, classifications, and their catalytic application in redox reactions. This comprehensive and up-to-date review is particularly aligned toward the catalytic applications of four types of metal-coordinated macrocyclic rings, i.e., porphyrin, porphyrazine, corrole, and corrolazines, in different organic transformations. The different synthetic approaches for the preparation of metal coordinated macrocyclic rings and their UV spectrums are also outlined in this review.

We describe recent developments of the gas electron multiplier (GEM), a thin composite mesh acting as proportional avalanche amplifier in gas counters. In beam tests we have verified the excellent efficiency, time resolution and localization accuracy for a GEM with micro-strip read-out. Efficiency, localization accuracy and operation in strong magnetic fields has been verified; operation at rates above 10/sup 6/ Hz/mm/sup 2/ and lifetimes corresponding to at least 10 mC/cm of collected charge have been demonstrated. Refinements in the manufacturing technology have permitted the realization of large size detectors (27 by 25 cm/sup 2/), to be used in conjunction with microstrip gas chambers. With an improved design, stable gains above two thousand have been reached (GEM2000); larger gains can be obtained increasing the thickness of the foils, cascading two GEMs at some distance or in electrical contact. Further developments of the technology and prospective applications are discussed.

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (SM) in final states with opposite-sign isolated lepton pairs accompanied by hadronic jets and missing transverse energy. The search is performed using LHC data recorded with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb−1. No evidence for an event yield beyond SM expectations is found. An upper limit on the non-SM contribution to the signal region is deduced from the results. This limit is interpreted in the context of the constrained minimal supersymmetric model. Additional information is provided to allow testing the exclusion of specific models of physics beyond the SM.

In this review paper the present state-of-the-art of muon detection systems using gaseous detectors at the Large Hadron collider (LHC) is described. Beginning with a discussion of the concepts of muon detection systems, a comparison of the various technologies used is made with respect to the challenges at present experiments, and developments for future upgrades are discussed. Starting from wire chambers, micropattern detectors are described and their readiness for upgrades is highlighted. Aging, long-term sustained operation and factors affecting gas choice are discussed. Finally some applications outside particle physics are also presented.

The energy flow, dE/dη, is studied at large pseudorapidities in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, for centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 7 TeV. The measurements are made using the CMS detector in the pseudorapidity range 3.15 < |η| < 4.9, for both minimum-bias events and events with at least two high-momentum jets. The data are compared to various pp Monte Carlo event generators whose theoretical models and input parameter values are sensitive to the energy-flow measurements. Inclusion of multiple-parton interactions in the Monte Carlo event generators is found to improve the description of the energy-flow measurements.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a cardiovascular event whose risk is increased in most inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). Mechanisms that increase VTE risk include antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs), particularly anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus anticoagulant present together, and inflammation-mediated endothelial injury. Patients with IRDs should receive long-term anticoagulation drugs when the risk of VTE recurrence is high. In the light of recent warnings from regulatory agencies regarding heightened VTE risk with Janus kinase inhibitors, these drugs should be initiated only after a careful assessment of VTE risk in those with IRDs.

Giant cell arteritis is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in individuals aged 50 years or more and is considered a medical emergency. Urgent diagnosis and initiation of treatment are crucial to prevent the serious potential sequalae of permanent visual loss and vascular complications. Giant cell arteritis can present with non-specific symptoms and although fast-track investigative pathways can improve patient outcomes, cognitive biases might confound patient selection and interpretation of results, especially if there is diagnostic ambiguity. 1 Mehta P Sattui SE van der Geest KSM et al. Giant cell arteritis and COVID-19: similarities and discriminators. A systematic literature review. J Rheumatol. 2021; 48: 1053-1059 Crossref Scopus (15) Google Scholar , 2 Yang V McMaster C Owen CE et al. Better diagnostic tools needed for biopsy-negative giant cell arteritis. Lancet Rheumatol. 2022; 5: e8-10 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar Commonly heard points in teaching include that giant cell arteritis is rare in ethnic minorities, which, in our experience, often extends to the idea that giant cell arteritis only occurs in people who are White. Because of the importance of pre-test probability in diagnosis, even with modern imaging tests, such myths can have severe consequences for people of colour.

Journal Article Determination of Menadione in an Animal Feed Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and HPLC with Electrochemical Detector Get access A. Schneiderman, A. Schneiderman Department of Chemistry, The Graduate School and Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.K. Sharma, A.K. Sharma Department of Chemistry, The Graduate School and Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.C. Locke D.C. Locke * Department of Chemistry, The Graduate School and Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 26, Issue 9, September 1988, Pages 458–462, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/26.9.458 Published: 01 September 1988 Article history Received: 14 September 1987 Revision received: 12 February 1988 Published: 01 September 1988

Long record of high-resolution quality-controlled outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from geostationary platforms like Kalpana-1 has the potential not only to provide detailed information of cloud types contributing to the measure of rain, but also helps unravel convective cloud organization in the tropics from small scale to meso- and synoptic scales. A research quality product of three hourly OLR for the period May 2004-June 2012 is produced from Kalpana-1 very high resolution radiometer (VHRR) radiances over the Indian region (40°S-40°N, 25-125°E) in a regular grid of 0.25 0.25 degrees. The quality and usefulness of the dataset is demonstrated here using some illustrative examples. Although these data are available for a relatively short-period, it is shown that they will be potentially more useful than the widely used OLR from NOAA satellites in representing the annual cycles, particularly over the desert and humid oceans, due to their frequent sampling and quality. The active- break periods in the Indian summer monsoon picked up by both the OLR match well. This three hourly OLR estimated from Kalpana-1 VHRR is able to describe the fine-scale structure of the diurnal variation over the region.

The Internet of Things has made it all possible to connect appliances with the internet. The built-in sensors get connected to the internet and transfer all the integrated data to the application. This transferred data helps in the management of the smart devices and controls the particular functions that need to be performed. Forensic science deals with the applications and techniques for the analysis of evidence obtained from the scene of crime, for the purpose of law. Whereas, mobility forensics deals with the software, tools, and techniques for the analysis of mobile phones and smart devices for the purpose of law. In the last few years, the easy approach to smart devices has resulted in the exponential growth of cybercrime. Here, it becomes important for the forensic examiner to perform analysis by maintaining the protocol. Forensic analysis requires highly sensitive and rational techniques so that the data is not at all manipulated due to any error. The IoT devices have the most special feature of transferring all their data to one source. This could help the forensic examiner to extract the data from a single source that will result in rapid examination. The usage of IoT-based data would help the investigation team in most ways. As the amount, nature, and sensitivity of data are large, it provides a wide range of possibilities in the investigation. It requires focusing on the techniques used for the analysis of IoT data.

The absolute electron transfer efficiency of a gas electron multiplier (GEM) was systematically measured in several gas types and pressures and over a broad range of electric-field configurations, using a single-electron pulse-counting method. A complete understanding of the role played by the relevant variables was obtained; particularly, the critical part of electron transport in the gap preceding the GEM was demonstrated. A small electron multiplication in this gap was shown to result in a full detection efficiency of single-electron events, under proper gas diffusion and multiplication conditions. The relevance to single electron and single photon detection is discussed. The experimental results are in good agreement with simulation calculations.

Tourism industry is an imperative segment in society, as it provides growth and support in economy and social life of most of the countries. Digitisation has become imperative part of businesses now days. It has changed the working scenario of businesses and provided one the fastest platform to interact with customers. Digitisation have brought significant transformation in the tourism industry. Digitisation has transformed the role of traditional tourism into an updated, innovatively and technically upright industry. Our study attempts to find out the research gap by the assessment of adoptability of digital marking in tourism industry and proposing a method to enhance digital marketing adoptability in organisations in tourism industry of Uttarakhand in India. This learning depicts the theoretical model and empirically attempts to find out the association between mentioned entities. For that, we followed UTAUT theory.

Although gastric reserve volume (GRV) is a surrogate marker of gastrointestinal dysfunction and feeding intolerance, there is ambiguity in its estimation due to problems associated with its measurement. Introduction of point-of-care ultrasound as a tool for anesthetists kindled interest in its use for GRV estimation.In this prospective observational study, we recruited 57 critically ill patients and analyzed 586 samples of GRV obtained by both ultrasonography (USG) and manual aspiration.The analysis showed that USG-guided GRV was significantly correlated (r=0.788, P<0.001) and in positive agreement with manual aspiration based on Bland-Altman plot, with a mean difference of 8.50±14.84 (95% confidence interval, 7.389-9.798). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 37.7 and -20.5, respectively, within the ±1.96 standard deviation (P<0.001). The respective sensitivity and positive predictive value, specificity and negative predictive value, and area under the curve of USG for feeding intolerance were 66.67%, 98.15%, and 0.82%, with 96.49% diagnostic accuracy.Ultrasonographic estimation of GRV was positively, significantly correlated and in agreement with the manual aspiration method and estimated feeding intolerance earlier. Routine use of gastric USG could avoid clinical situations where feeding status is unclear and there is high risk of aspiration and could become a standard practice of critical care.

Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide become center of attraction of researchers for last two decades due to its structural and morphological properties which contribute a unique ability to it. By the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) into the polymer matrix makes extraordinary change in its general properties to extraordinary properties. The production of GO and r-GO in large scale with cost effecting way is still become challenge. This present work describes the preparation and characterization of GO incorporated Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite and r-GO incorporated PVA nanocomposite. By following the modified Hummers reaction technique GO and r-GO. Which is cost effective and easier way GO and r-GO of production. The structural properties of GO and r-GO were examined via UV–vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The spectral outcomes of FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups in GO and r-GO. The comparative study of GO/r-GO of UV spectra is suggesting for π-π* transition on different wavelength. Various SEM images implied for the formation of ultrathin and homogeneously dispersed PVA supported graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. The r-GO is obtained by thermal reduction of GO causing a significant decrease in the amount of oxygen containing groups by which r-GO leads the higher specific surface area with less interlayer separation compared to GO.

Source code diffs are used on a daily basis as part of code review, inspection, and auditing. To facilitate understanding, they are typically accompanied by explanations that describe the essence of what is changed in the program. As manually crafting high-quality explanations is a cumbersome task, researchers have proposed automatic techniques to generate code diff explanations. Existing explanation generation methods solely focus on static analysis, i.e., they do not take advantage of runtime information to explain code changes. In this article, we propose <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> , a novel tool that augments code diffs with runtime difference information. <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> compares the program states of the original (old) and patched (new) versions of a program to find unique variable values. Then, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> adds this novel runtime information to the source code diff as shown, for instance, in code reviewing systems. As an evaluation, we run <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> on <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">584</small> code diffs for Defects4J bugs and find it successfully augments the code diff for 95% (555/ <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">584</small> ) of them. We also perform a user study and ask eight participants to score the augmented code diffs generated by <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> . Per this user study, we conclude that developers find the idea of adding runtime data to code diffs promising and useful. Overall, our experiments show the effectiveness and usefulness of <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Collector-Sahab</small> in augmenting code diffs with runtime difference information. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Publicly-available repository:</b> <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/ASSERT-KTH/collector-sahab</uri> .

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition of colon characterized by severe damage to the innermost colon tissues. A number of studies described the use of medication delivery systems based on natural polymers like polysaccharides for the purpose of reaching the colon. In this research, polymer-based mesalamine delayed-release granules (DRGs) were tested for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy against UC. Chitosan (C), pectin (P), and pectin-chitosan (PC) mesalamine (M) DRGs were prepared and characterized. Data revealed satisfactory compatibility, flow, packing properties, drug release pattern, and delayed drug release by DRGs. Wistar rats were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) (100 mg/kg) via rectal administration. Mesalamine and mesalamine DRGs (50 mg/kg) were administered orally separately for 14 days. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, hematological tests, colon profile, and histopathology were performed. The findings demonstrated the good efficacy of the polysaccharides in delivering mesalamine to colon. Mesalamine and mesalamine DRGs based on various polymers showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in rats with UC. Mesalamine granules significantly attenuated colon lipid peroxidation, nitrites, myeloperoxidase activity, and interleukin-1β levels, and improved anti-oxidants (GSH, SOD). Data showed upregulation of Nrf2 activity by mesalamine granules with CM-DRGs showing maximum effect. Mesalamine and different polymer-based mesalamine DRGs significantly attenuated TNBS-induced decline in body weight, ulcer severity, and colon damage. CM-DRGs showed the most pronounced ameliorative effect on colon and hematology parameters via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Chitosan can be used as a carrier for oral colon delivery of mesalamine in DRG formulation for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in UC.

Thrombocytopenia is the most notable phenomenon in dengue. Activation status of platelets and interaction of platelets with endothelium contribute towards dengue disease pathogenesis. Platelets are the major cell types known to release extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes in circulation. However, the role of platelet derived exosomes (PLT-EXOs) in endothelial dysfunction during dengue infection remains unknown.In this study, we recruited 28 healthy subjects and 69 dengue patients categorized as WS- (n=31), WS+ (n=29) and SD (n=9). Platelets were isolated from platelet rich plasma of dengue patients and their activation was assessed by flow cytometry. PLT-EXOs were isolated by ultracentrifugation method. Western blot analyses were performed to characterize the exosomes. Exosome uptake experiment was carried out to see the internalization of exosomes inside endothelial cells (HUVECs). To observe the effect of exosomes on endothelial cells, exosomes were added on HUVECs and expression of adherens and tight junctional proteins were examined by immunofluorescence assay and western blot. Expression levels of vascular injury markers were measured in the culture supernatants of Exosome-HUVEC coculture and sera of dengue patients by MSD-multiplex assay.As compared to healthy subjects, CD41/CD61 expression was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) and CD62p expression was significantly increased (p<0.0001) on platelets in dengue patients. PLT-EXOs isolated from the dengue patients showed higher expression of CD63 and CD9 proteins than the healthy subjects. With in-vitro immunofluorescence assays, we illustrated the internalization of PLT-EXOs by the HUVECs and observed disruption of endothelial cell monolayer integrity in the presence of PLT-EXOs from WS+ and SD patients. Furthermore, the significant reduction in the expressions of ZO-2, VE-Cadherin and CD31 in endothelial cells following exposure to PLT-EXOs from the dengue patients provide direct evidence of PLT-EXOs mediated vascular permeability. PLT-EXOs stimulated the release of inflammatory markers CRP, SAA, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the supernatants of HUVEC cells. Importantly, significantly higher levels of CRP, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the sera of severe than mild dengue patients (p<0.0001) suggest their role in disease severity.In summary, our data suggest that PLT-EXOs promote vascular leakage via release of proinflammatory mediators and compromise vascular barrier integrity in dengue patients.

A high-performance muon detector system is crucial to realise physics goals of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The CMS muon spectrometer, consisting of different detector technologies across different pseudorapidity ($\eta$) regions, demonstrated efficient tracking and triggering of muons during Run1 and Run2 of the LHC operations. The legacy CMS muon detector system, consists of drift tube (DT) chambers in the barrel and cathode strip chambers (CSC) in the endcap regions, complemented by Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) in both the barrel and endcap. During the long shutdown (LS) 2 period, Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers were added in the first station of forward regions to enhance the redundancy of the muon system while maintaining the precision of muon momentum resolution at the Level-1 trigger. his document presents the performance studies for all four muon sub-detector systems, carried out using the data-sets collected at a collision energy of 13.6 TeV in 2022 and 2023, and compared with the Run 2 results.

In this work, (99 - x)CaSO4 -Dy2 O3 -xEu2 O3 , (where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) thermoluminescence phosphors were prepared using a coprecipitation method. The thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry (TLD) characteristics such as TL sensitivity, dose-response, minimum detectable dose, thermal fading, and the effect of sunlight on the prepared phosphors were investigated. The obtained results indicated that the most sensitive phosphor was obtained at x = 0.05. Large thermal fading of 6% after 1 h and 26% after 24 h from irradiation followed by 71% after 1 month with no additional fading was observed within a time frame exceeding 2 months throughout the remaining duration of the investigation, which also spanned over 2 months. Despite the phosphor's high fading rate, the relative sensitivity of the prepared samples was ~90% compared with TLD-100. The marked effect of day sunlight was also determined. High dose-response within the low-dose range from 0.01 to 5 Gy was observed. The obtained results suggested that the synthesized phosphor is well suited for applications involving radiation biology and radiotherapy dosimetry.

Post induction hypotension (PIH) is a largely debated topic in anaesthesia , without any definitive consensus on ideal method for its accurate identification. We hypothesized that inferior venae cava collapsibility index (IVCCI)measured pre-operatively before general anaesthesia could predict this hypotension .The patients were categorized on the basis of their American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification(ASA) to find the optimal cutoff value and sensitivity of this index in predicting PIH.In this prospective observational study, 157 patients (79 ASA I and 78 ASA II) undergoing routine general anesthesia for surgical procedures were enrolled and their preoperative IVCCI measurements were correlated with non-invasive hemodynamic parameters measured till 12 minutes post induction. The overall incidence of PIH was 46% (12.7% in ASA I and 79.49% in ASA II patients). The optimal cutoff value of IVCCI for predicting hypotension was 47% .The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) at 95%CI was 95% (87-98%), 97% (90-99%), 100% and (90%- 97.1%) with ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) of 0.972 (95%CI, P&lt;0.0001). ASA status (β=2.924, OR (Odd ratio) 18.611;P&lt;0.0001), baseline DBP (β=0.056, OR-0.946; p&lt;0.004) and IVC-CI &lt;50 (β=0.410, OR -1.506; p&lt;0.0001) had significant correlation with PIH in linear regression logistic model.Preoperative IVCCI measurements, baseline DBP and ASAII physical status of patients could significantly and accurately predict PIH before general anaesthesia.

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is being explored for dynamic measurements like inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI) and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI) to guide anesthesiologists in predicting fluid responsiveness in the preoperative period and in treating post-induction hypotension (PIH) with varying accuracy.In this prospective, observational study on included 100 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, the LVOT-VTI and IVC-CI measurements were performed in the preoperative room 15 minutes prior to surgery, and PIH was measured for 20 minutes in the post-induction period.The incidence of PIH was 24%. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the two techniques at 95% confidence interval was 0.613, 30.4%, 93.3%, 58.3%, 81.4%, 73.6% for IVC-CI and 0.853, 83.3%, 80.3%, 57.1%, 93.8%, 77.4% for LVOT-VTI, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the cutoff value for IVC-CI was >51.5 and for LVOT-VTI it was ≤17.45 for predicting PIH with odd ratio [OR] of 8.491 (P=0.025) for IVCCI and OR of 17.427 (P<0.001) for LVOT. LVOT-VTI assessment was possible in all the patients, while 10% of patients were having poor window for IVC measurements.We recommend the use of POCUS using LVOT-VTI or IVC-CI to predict PIH, to decrease the morbidity of patients undergoing surgery. Out of these, we recommend LVOT-VTI measurements as it has showed a better diagnostic accuracy (77.4%) with no failure rate.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common acute inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue arthropathy. The genetic studies, tissue analyses, experimental animal models, and clinical investigations have confirmed that stromal tissue damage and pathology driven by RA mounts the chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune events.We developed methotrexate (MTX)-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (MTX-LPHNPs) and aceclofenac (ACE)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ACE-NLCs) for the efficient co-delivery of MTX and ACE via intravenous and transdermal routes, respectively. Bio-assays were performed using ex-vivo skin permeation and transport, macrophage model of inflammation (MMI) (LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages), Wistar rats with experimental RA (induction of arthritis with Complete Freund's adjuvant; CFA and BCG), and programmed death of RA affected cells. In addition, gene transcription profiling and serum estimation of inflammatory, signaling, and cell death markers were performed on the blood samples collected from patients with RA.Higher permeation of ACE-NLCs/CE across skin layers confirming the greater "therapeutic index" of ACE. The systemic delivery of MTX-loaded LPHNPs via the parenteral (intravenous) route is shown to modulate the RA-induced inflammation and other immune events. The regulated immunological and signaling pathway(s) influence the immunological axis to program the death of inflamed cells in the MMI and the animals with the experimental RA. Our data suggested the CD40-mediated and Akt1 controlled cell death along with the inhibited autophagy in vitro. Moreover, the ex vivo gene transcription profiling in drug-treated PBMCs and serum analysis of immune/signalling markers confirmed the therapeutic role co-delivery of drug nanoparticles to treat RA. The animals with experimental RA receiving drug treatment were shown to regain the structure of paw bones and joints similar to the control and were comparable with the market formulations.Our findings confirmed the use of co-delivery of drug nanoformulations as the "combination drug regimen" to treat RA.

Chapter 4 Machine Learning and Its Application in Educational Area Abhinav Tripathi, Abhinav Tripathi KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorYashasvi Singh, Yashasvi Singh KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorArti Sharma, Arti Sharma KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorAjay Kumar Shrivastava, Ajay Kumar Shrivastava KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSaurabh Sharma, Saurabh Sharma KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Abhinav Tripathi, Abhinav Tripathi KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorYashasvi Singh, Yashasvi Singh KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorArti Sharma, Arti Sharma KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorAjay Kumar Shrivastava, Ajay Kumar Shrivastava KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSaurabh Sharma, Saurabh Sharma KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Rohit Anand, Rohit Anand G.B.Pant Engineering College, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorAbhinav Juneja, Abhinav Juneja KIET Group of Institutions, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorDigvijay Pandey, Digvijay Pandey Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSapna Juneja, Sapna Juneja KIET Group of Institutions, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorNidhi Sindhwani, Nidhi Sindhwani Amity University, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394188093.ch4 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary Machine learning (ML) is used for advancement of various fields which is also applicable to education system which will change learning and teaching methods fundamentally. As educational institutions gather a sizable amount of student data, this information can be used to further narrow down the elements that can be changed to improve the likelihood that students will succeed. ML can be utilized by educators to improve various fields like student retention and better grading systems for students for better results. Development of various new insights can be done by using ML. This study discusses how we can use ML in education sector to tackle various problems from students' and teachers' perspective and further use them for future research on the topic. R eferences Kučak , D. , Juričić , V. , and Đambić , G. ( 2018 ). Machine learning in education – a survey of current research trends . Ann. DAAAM Proc. Int. DAAAM Symp. 29 ( 1 ): 0406 – 0410 . https://doi.org/10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.059 . 10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.059 Google Scholar Nedeva , V. and Pehlivanova , T. ( 2021 ). Students' performance analyses using machine learning algorithms in WEKA . In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , vol. 1031 , 012061 . IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1031/1/012061 . Google Scholar Halde , R.R. ( 2016 ). Application of machine learning algorithms for betterment in education system . Stud. Big Data 19 : 161 – 168 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30315-4_14 . 10.1007/978-3-319-30315-4_14 Google Scholar Mduma , N. , Kalegele , K. , and Machuve , D. ( 2019 ). A Survey of Machine Learning Approaches and Techniques for Student Dropout Prediction , pp. 1 – 10 . Google Scholar Sharma , Y. , Pandey , S. , and Raheja , R. ( 2022 ). Machine learning: assisting modern education . Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci. 4 : 21 – 29 . CASGoogle Scholar Sharma , A. , Mahapatra , R.P. , and Kumar Sharma , V. ( 2022 ). An exploration of Fog procedures in comparison with IoT, design, and assessment issues . In: 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO) , 1 – 6 . IEEE https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRITO56286.2022.9964742 . 10.1109/ICRITO56286.2022.9964742 Google Scholar Iatrellis , O. , Savvas , I. , Fitsilis , P. , and Gerogiannis , V.C. ( 2021 ). A two-phase machine learning approach for predicting student outcomes . Educ. Inf. Technol. 26 ( 1 ): 69 – 88 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10260-x . 10.1007/s10639-020-10260-x Google Scholar Sharma , A. , Vashishta , A. , Shahi , A. et al. ( 2022 ). Study of video suggestions based on calendar events . In: 6th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) , Madurai. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICCS53718.2022.9788466 , 1572 – 1579 . IEEE . 10.1109/ICICCS53718.2022.9788466 Google Scholar Hussain , M. , Zhu , W. , Zhang , W. et al. ( 2019 ). Using machine learning to predict student difficulties from learning session data . Artif. Intell. Rev. 52 ( 1 ): 381 – 407 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-018-9620-8 . 10.1007/s10462-018-9620-8 Web of Science®Google Scholar Rodríguez-Hernández , C.F. , Musso , M. , Kyndt , E. , and Cascallar , E. ( 2021 ). Artificial neural networks in academic performance prediction: systematic implementation and predictor evaluation . Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. 2 ( December ): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100018 . 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100018 Google Scholar Liñán , L.C. and Pérez , Á.A.J. ( 2015 ). Educational data mining and learning analytics: differences, similarities, and time evolution . RUSC Univ. Knowl. Soc. J. 12 ( 3 ): 98 – 112 . https://rusc. uoc.edu/rusc/ca/index.php/rusc/article/view/v12n3-calvet-juan/2746.html. 10.7238/rusc.v12i3.2515 Google Scholar Villegas-ch , W. and Palacios-pacheco , X. ( 2020 ). Improvement of an online education model with the integration of machine learning and data analysis in an LMS . Appl. Sci. 10 ( 15 ): 5371 . 10.3390/app10155371 CASGoogle Scholar Rashid , J. , Batool , S. , Kim , J. et al. ( 2022 ). An augmented artificial intelligence approach for chronic diseases prediction . Front. Public Health 10 : 860396 . 10.3389/fpubh.2022.860396 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Juneja , A. , Juneja , S. , Soneja , A. , and Jain , S. ( 2021 ). Real time object detection using CNN based single shot detector model . J. Inf. Technol. Manage. 13 ( 1 ): 62 – 80 . Google Scholar Dhiman , G. , Juneja , S. , Viriyasitavat , W. et al. ( 2022 ). A novel machine-learning-based hybrid CNN model for tumor identification in medical image processing . Sustainability 14 ( 3 ): 1447 . 10.3390/su14031447 Web of Science®Google Scholar Facundo , B. , Juan , G. , and Fachinotti , V.D. ( 2017 ). Prediction of wind pressure coefficients on building surfaces using Artificial Neural Networks . Energy Build. 158 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.045 : 1429 – 1441 . 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.045 Google Scholar Dhilipan , J. , Vijayalakshmi , N. , Suriya , S. , and Christopher , A. ( 2021 ). Prediction of students performance using machine learning . IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1055 ( 1 ): 012122 . https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1055/1/012122 . 10.1088/1757-899X/1055/1/012122 Google Scholar Saxena , H. , Joshi , D. , Singh , H. , and Anand , R. ( 2022 ). Comparison of classification algorithms for Alzheimer's disease prediction . 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC) . pp. 687–692. IEEE. Google Scholar Man , I. , Ho , K. , Cheong , K.Y. , and Id , A.W. ( 2021 ). Predicting student satisfaction of emergency remote learning in higher education during COVID-19 using machine learning techniques . PLoS One 16 ( 4 ): e0249423 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249423 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0249423 PubMedGoogle Scholar Janani , S. , Sivarathinabala , M. , Anand , R. et al. ( 2023 ). Machine learning analysis on predicting credit card forgery . In: International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications. ICICC 2023 , Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , vol. 537 (ed. A.E. Hassanien , O. Castillo , S. Anand , and A. Jaiswal ). Singapore : Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3010-4_12. 10.1007/978-981-99-3010-4_12 Google Scholar Juneja , S. , Juneja , A. , Dhiman , G. et al. ( 2021 ). An approach for thoracic syndrome classification with convolutional neural networks . Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2021 : 1 – 10 . 10.1155/2021/3900254 Google Scholar Kharb , L. and Singh , P. ( 2020 ). Role of machine learning in modern education and teaching . In: Impact of AI Technologies on Teaching, Learning, and Research in Higher Education , 99 – 123 . IGI Global https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4763-2.ch006 . Google Scholar Kaddoura , S. , Popescu , D.E. , and Hemanth , J.D. ( 2022 ). A systematic review on machine learning models for online learning and examination systems . PeerJ. Comput. Sci. 8 : https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ-CS.986 . 10.7717/peerj-cs.986 Google Scholar Sharma , S. , Gupta , S. , Gupta , P. et al. ( 2022 ). Deep learning model for the automatic classification of white blood cells . Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2022 . 10.1155/2022/7384131 Google Scholar Sharma , S. , Gupta , S. , Gupta , D. et al. ( 2022 ). Recognition of gurmukhi handwritten city names using deep learning and cloud computing . Sci. Prog. 2022 : 1 – 16 . 10.1155/2022/5945117 Google Scholar Juneja , S. , Juneja , A. , Dhiman , G. et al. ( 2021 ). Computer vision-enabled character recognition of hand gestures for patients with hearing and speaking disability . Mobile Inf. Syst. 2021 : 1 – 10 . 10.1155/2021/4912486 Google Scholar Dhiman , G. , Juneja , S. , Mohafez , H. et al. ( 2022 ). Federated learning approach to protect healthcare data over big data scenario . Sustainability 14 ( 5 ): 2500 . 10.3390/su14052500 Web of Science®Google Scholar Aggarwal , S. , Kannan , R. , Ahuja , R. et al. ( 2022 ). A convolutional neural network-based framework for classification of protein localization using confocal microscopy images . IEEE Access 10 : 83591 – 83611 . 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3197189 Web of Science®Google Scholar Sharma , S. , Gupta , S. , Gupta , D. et al. ( 2022 ). Performance evaluation of the deep learning based convolutional neural network approach for the recognition of chest X-ray images . Front. Oncol. 12 . Google Scholar Sharma , S. , Gupta , S. , Gupta , D. et al. ( 2022 ). Optimized CNN-based recognition of district names of Punjab state in Gurmukhi script . J. Math. 2022 : 1 – 10 . Google Scholar Dhall , A. , Upadhyay , H.K. , Juneja , S. , and Juneja , A. ( 2022 ). Machine learning algorithms for industry using image sensing . In: Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics , 75 – 97 . Auerbach Publications . 10.1201/9781003322597-5 Google Scholar Aggarwal , S. , Gupta , S. , Gupta , D. et al. ( 2023 ). An artificial intelligence-based stacked ensemble approach for prediction of protein subcellular localization in confocal microscopy images . Sustainability 15 ( 2 ): 1695 . 10.3390/su15021695 CASGoogle Scholar Dewani , A. , Memon , M.A. , Bhatti , S. et al. ( 2022 ). Detection of cyberbullying patterns in low-resource colloquial roman urdu microtext using natural language processing, machine learning and ensemble techniques . Appl. Sci. 13 ( 4 ): 2062 ; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042062 . 10.3390/app13042062 Google Scholar Shen , Y.B. and Gadekallu , T.R. ( 2022 ). Resource search method of mobile intelligent education system based on distributed hash table . Mobile Networks Appl. 27 ( 3 ): 1199 – 1208 . 10.1007/s11036-022-01940-8 Google Scholar Xiang , C.Z. , Fu , N.X. , and Gadekallu , T.R. ( 2022 ). Design of resource matching model of intelligent education system based on machine learning . EAI Endorsed Trans. Scalable Inf. Syst. 9 ( 6 ): e1 – e1 . Google Scholar Rajab , K. , Hamdi , M. , Al Reshan , M.S. et al. ( 2022 ). Implementation of virtual training: on the example of the a faculty of computer science during COVID-19 for sustainable development in engineering education . Electronics 11 ( 5 ): 1 – 20 . https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050694 . 10.3390/electronics11050694 Google Scholar Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Advanced Distributed Systems ReferencesRelatedInformation

Graphene's two-dimensional structural arrangement has sparked a revolutionary transformation in the domain of conductive transparent devices, presenting a unique opportunity in the renewable energy sector. This comprehensive Review critically evaluates the most recent advances in graphene production and its employment in solar cells, focusing on dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite devices for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) designs. This comprehensive investigation discovered the following captivating results: graphene integration resulted in a notable 20.3% improvement in energy conversion rates in graphene-perovskite photovoltaic cells. In comparison, BHJ cells saw a laudable 10% boost. Notably, graphene's 2D internal architecture emerges as a protector for photovoltaic devices, guaranteeing long-term stability against various environmental challenges. It acts as a transportation facilitator and charge extractor to the electrodes in photovoltaic cells. Additionally, this Review investigates current research highlighting the role of graphene derivatives and their products in solar PV systems, illuminating the way forward. The study elaborates on the complexities, challenges, and promising prospects underlying the use of graphene, revealing its reflective implications for the future of solar photovoltaic applications.

Abstract Multiple intermittent gas lift (IGL) wells are typically connected to a centralized high-pressure gas source, which can result in significant fluctuations in gas injection header pressure and subsequent liquid surges in the well fluid header when gas injection is initiated simultaneously in multiple wells. To address the challenge of gas injection interference among intermittent gas lift wells, we propose a mathematical model that utilizes genetic algorithm to optimize the staggering of time cycles, with the goal of achieving minimal interference. Genetic algorithms approach provides an effective optimization technique for addressing the time cycle staggering in intermittent gas lift wells. The algorithm involves creating a population of potential solutions, representing each solution as a set of genes or chromosome. In the context of this model, the gas injection time slots for each well are encoded as chromosomes. The developed model utilizes input gas injection time cycles, to compute the best possible time slots for each well. By leveraging the principles of natural selection and evolution, the model iteratively computes the best possible time slots for each well, continuously improving the solutions until convergence is reached. This approach minimizes gas injection interference and enhances the efficiency of gas lift operations. The current field practice involves manually staggering the time cycle slots to minimize interference among wells, which becomes impractical with increased well and time slot numbers. Our developed model based on genetic algorithm optimization approach offers an automated and efficient solution for time cycle staggering in intermittent gas lift wells. Despite the NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness) nature of the problem, genetic algorithms provide an effective means of generating near-optimal solutions within a reasonable computational time. By minimizing gas injection interference, this optimization technique enhances the overall efficiency of gas lift operations, preventing production losses. Application of the developed model in the onshore oil field of ONGC demonstrated a significant reduction in gas injection header pressure fluctuations which improved the overall performance of the gas lift system. In this study effect of manually staggered gas injection time cycle, on gas injection network pressure fluctuations is also analysed. The population of wells employing intermittent gas lift mode is progressively growing as oil fields undergo browning. This advancement in optimization methodology holds great promise for the oil and gas industry, facilitating the optimization of gas injection time cycle slots leading to reduced pressure fluctuations and improved production efficiency.

One of the most significant problems in power systems is transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). As the complexity of the TNEP problem makes it difficult to be solved by available deterministic methods, so to develop a model or any solution for TNEP as per present requirement is a field of interest for many researchers. Further to search for recent approaches, to handle such complex problems, is also a popular task. In such problems like TNEP the solutions' time-bound dependency drives the researchers to create approximate methods. Algorithms that mimic the behavior of different species have been successfully used to solve some significant real-world problems in the recent past. Nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) are created by taking cues from how different species adapt to their environment. In the same series, this paper is an attempt to solve the TNEP problem by applying a recently developed algorithm in the field of NIAs namely, hermit crab shell exchange (HCSE) algorithm. The newly developed strategy is applied to two common case systems, namely Graver's six bus systems as well as Brazilian 46 bus systems. The outcomes were subsequently evaluated against other sophisticated algorithms that have been recorded in existing literature. The findings indicate that the HCSE algorithm is both precise and skilled in solving the TNEP problem for the considered cases.

The exponential possibility of increasing the quantity of healthy old people may address another market for many industries. Understanding requirements in the search for active ageing, which includes the optimization of opportunities in health, participation, and security, resulting in enhancements in quality of life and continuous participation in social, economic, and cultural issues in the older, is becoming increasingly relevant. This qualitative research focused on the smartphone, for its practical side as well as to understand it starting from its emblematic content brimming with meanings, based on the concept of digital exclusion of the old. The information was gathered through a focused bunch and top to bottom interviews with people aged 65 and up who own a smartphone. To access sensitive subjects, projective methods were utilized, and the data was handled with content analysis techniques. In this review, two analytics levels arose: first, individual and social points of reference of smartphone comprehension; second, recognition of both positive and negative meanings attributed to the item. The digital gap was recognized by referring to the smartphone as a safeguard to conceal the limitations and issues common among the older. On the one hand, the practicality introduced was valued, yet on the other hand, there were rituals that were considered harmful to social connections and the feeling of the local area. This relationship between approximation and social exclusion featured consumption vulnerabilities that ought to be thoroughly investigated by qualitative examinations that avoid reductions and generalizations.

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and accounts for nearly 1.5% of all new cancer cases in India. The incidence of thyroid cancers is on the rise secondary to multiple factors including the widespread use of radiological imaging. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, and radioactive iodine therapy plays a pivotal role in differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy appears to be an underutilized treatment modality. In this review, we have summarized the role of radiation in the treatment of thyroid cancer.

Globally all mountains including the Himalaya are highly susceptible ecosystems due to the given climatic conditions and land-use changes. Field observations play crucial role in grasping the birds distribution species in biologically and evolutionary important regions particularly in Trans Himalayan ecosystem like the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary with abundant avian species diversity among all vertebrates found in sanctuary. Present research paper deals with significant bird species sightings in this hard-to-access sanctuary. These bird sightings show how conducting biological surveys and continuous monitoring work help to enhance our understanding using various methods. The stratified random sampling technique was employed for avian fauna survey. Earlier, there were almost negligible efforts made on comprehensive studies of vertebrate diversity in the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary which makes this study more significant as it will be the baseline information for the forest department and scientific research. The records of four documented birds species are valuable especially since these all are first sightings in the KWS and their IUCN status was also evaluated. Listing of bird’s species will contribute to a better understanding of birds distribution and will be helpful for future research and conservation plans.

Abstract In this paper, we define and study three novel summability concepts – strong deferred 𝜎-summability, deferred 𝜎-statistical summability, and 𝜎-statistical summability in intuitionistic fuzzy 𝑟-normed linear spaces (briefly called IF-𝑟-NLS) by using 𝜎-mean. We also provide an example in support of the new notions and uncover some interesting relationships. Additionally, we study deferred 𝜎-statistical summability in the context of two pairs of sequences of positive integers, namely, <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>α</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>γ</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:math> \alpha_{n},\gamma_{n} , and <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>u</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>v</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:math> u_{n},v_{n} satisfying <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>α</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>≤</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>u</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>&lt;</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>v</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>≤</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>γ</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:math> \alpha_{n}\leq u_{n}&lt;v_{n}\leq\gamma_{n} .

SNPs could either cause a disorder or directly alter the efficacy of a particular treatment and act as biological markers. The SNP rs7587633 C/T present in the intronic region of the ATG16L1 gene has been studied for its role in psoriasis vulgaris and Palmoplantar pustulosis. To genotype rs7587633 C/T using PCR-RFLP no restriction site is present for any of the restriction enzymes at the SNP position. To develop an artificial-RFLP method for genotyping rs7587633 C/T, the forward primer was designed in such a way that it resulted in the creation of an EcoRI restriction site in the amplified product which could further be digested with EcoRI to find the genotype of the individual. The newly developed A-RFLP method was applied to genotype the SNP rs7587633 C/T in DNA samples of 100 healthy control individuals. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the SNPs were 0.80(C), 0.20(T) and 65%(CC), 31%(CT) and 4%(TT), respectively. In conclusion, we developed an A-RFLP method to genotype the SNP rs7587633 C/T which is not present in any of the natural restriction sites and this method could be applied to genotype this SNP in various populations/diseases to find its role.

Thin organic coatings commonly are used for insulating microelectrodes and electronic packages designed for implant applications. The adherence of these coatings to the underlying substrates is a key parameter in their selection for various devices. Instron pull tests were performed on glow-discharge polymerized monomers, Parylene-N, medical-grade Silastic and various epoxies. The application of a thin coating of glow-discharge polymerized methane under a thicker Parylene-N coating improved the adhesion of the latter to the underlying substrate in isotonic sodium chloride solution and during accelerated testing conditions done by boiling.

The muon detection system of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is based on different technologies for muon tracking and triggering. In particular, the muon system in the endcap disks of the detector consists of Resistive Plate Chambers for triggering and Cathode Strip Chambers for tracking. At present, the endcap muon system is only partially instrumented with the very forward detector region remaining uncovered. In view of a possible future extension of the muon endcap system, we report on a feasibility study on the use of Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors, in particular Gas Electron Multipliers, for both muon triggering and tracking. Results on the construction and characterization of small triple-Gas Electron Multiplier prototype detectors are presented.

This research presents a Modified Very Deep Convolutional Network (MVDCN) for Single Image Super Resolution (SISR). The proposed method is based on modified CNN, in which different image features for training also apply up-sampling as well as residual images, which is a fundamental step of SISR, and the depth of the network is 20. For the improvement of the presented method, it applies the fusion of the bi-cubic method with the proposed modified residual image attributes with Very Deep Convolutional Networks (VDCN). The presented method shows better results in terms of the two base parameters of the proposed method. These are PSNR and SSIM. These two parameters are major parameters for the result analysis of image super resolution (ISR). There are different data sets available for the training and testing of the presented method, such as test datasets “Set5’ [15] and ‘Set14’ [26]. Both are primarily used as benchmarks by various researchers; however, in other works, the data set “Urban100” is very interesting because it contains many challenging images that fail by many of the existing methods. Final data set ‘B100’, natural images from Berkeley University. The proposed MVDCN shows better results as compared to other previous methods.

The development of high-yielding, bio-fortified, stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the need of the hour in the wake of increasing global food insecurity, abrupt climate change, and continuous shrinking of resources and landmass suitable for agriculture. The cytokinin group of phytohormones positively regulates seed yield by simultaneous regulation of source capacity (leaf senescence) and sink strength (grain number and size). Cytokinins also regulate root-shoot architecture by promoting shoot growth and inhibiting root growth. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) are the only enzymes that catalyze the irreversible degradation of active cytokinins and thus negatively regulate the endogenous cytokinin levels. Genetic manipulation of CKX genes is the key to improve seed yield and root-shoot architecture through direct manipulation of endogenous cytokinin levels. Downregulation of CKX genes expressed in sink tissues such as inflorescence meristem and developing seeds, through reverse genetics approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in increased yield marked by increased number and size of grains. On the other hand, root-specific expression of CKX genes resulted in decreased endogenous cytokinin levels in roots which in turn resulted in increased root growth indicated by increased root branching, root biomass, and root-shoot biomass ratio. Enhanced root growth provided enhanced tolerance to drought stress and improved micronutrient uptake efficiency. In this review, we have emphasized the role of CKX as a genetic factor determining yield, micronutrient uptake efficiency, and response to drought stress. We have summarised the efforts made to increase crop productivity and drought stress tolerance in different crop species through genetic manipulation of CKX family genes.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders with a constellation of clinical symptoms and neuroradiological features. It is commonly encountered in organ transplant where it poses a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment in the absence of strong evidence. The underlying pathophysiology of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is the loss of cerebral autoregulation following elevated blood pressure and/or endothelial dysfunction. It is more likely to happen in patients treated with cyclosporine versus with tacrolimus. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome manifests as headache, visual disturbances, seizure, and abnormal mentation. The characteristic radiological features are the result of posterior- circulation vasogenic edema secondary to blood-brain barrier disruption. Treatment varies based on the etiology of the condition. In addition to the symptomatic management of hypertension and seizure disorders, switching or replacing the calcineurin inhibitor with another immunosuppressant or decreasing the dose of the calcineurin inhibitor is the key in calcineurin inhibitor-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Here, we have reviewed the terminology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with special reference to its presence in the posttransplant period.

Currently a revolution is happening in the development of gaseous detectors of photons and particles. Recently developed gaseous detectors with solid photocathodes are now replacing photosensitive wire chambers, which dominated for years in high energy and space flight experiments. We will review the main developments in this field as well as their applications in high-energy physics, medicine, industry and plasma diagnostics. New results on solid photocathodes coupled with gaseous micropattern/wire detectors will also be presented.

A three-dimensional simulation of the electric field and avalanche propagation in a Gas Electron Multiplier is performed. Results on charge transport are compared to experiment and agree within experimental errors; avalanche mechanism and positive ion feedback are studied. The possibilities of single photon detection with full efficiency from internal photocathodes are investigated.

Out of 11234 patients reporting to our outdoor during June 2001 to June 2002, 2594 patients (23.09%) had low back pain. 4358 roentgenograms were done in these patients, a mean of 1.68 per patient. These patients were interviewed and their psychosocial and demographic details were compared with 1000 controls who did not have back pain but attended outdoor for other reasons. In the low back pain group, 67% had psychosocial issues, 57% were in blue-collar jobs, 26% had to change/leave their profession, and 38% did not enjoy their present job. All patients had used NSAIDS at some stage of illness and 64% were advised exercises for the back. The comparative figures in control group were 19% with psychosocial issues, 34% in blue-collar jobs (heavy manual workers), 7% had to switch over to new job, 6% did not relish their present job. Hence, it is concluded that along with exercises and NSAIDS, sufficient consideration should be given to short centre-based intensive rehabilitation program followed by a home-based program for chronic low back pain patients.

Orange G, a monoazo dye, used as a food colourant, was evaluated with in vivo cytogenetic assays to determine its genotoxicity. Swiss albino male mice were exposed to Orange G through intraperitoneal injections. Bone marrow cells isolated from femora were analyzed for sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations. The results showed that the incidence of SCEs and chromosome aberrations were significantly higher than controls at certain concentrations. 25 mg/kg of Orange G was found to be the minimum effective dose for the induction of both SCEs and chromosome aberrations. Orange G is thus found to be clastogenic and genotoxic in vivo in mice.

Alternate bearing is a wide spread phenomenon in many fruit tree species and cause severe labour, marketing and economical problem.The term "alternate or biennial" bearing designate the production of a heavy fruit crop "On" year followed by a light fruit crop or trees may not bear a crop at all the next "Off" year.Alternate bearing is a widespread problem for growers of fruit trees, occurring in both evergreen and deciduous trees.It is more pronounced in old productive trees (more than 10 years) in comparison with the young productive trees (about 3-5 years).The domestic olive (Olea europaea) is genetically high alternating in fruit production.The degree of alternate bearing is highly dependent on the environmental conditions and might be very different in accordance with the climate in each growing region.The expression of alternate bearing involves a wide range of changes in activation and repression of endogenous metabolic pathway.The production of olive remains fluctuating over the years due to the problem of alternate bearing and thus the trade and consumption of the producer countries is affected.Horticultural treatments such as thinning, girdling, pruning and irrigation, can reduce the severity of biennial bearing This review article will help understanding the problem, its basic reasons and the possible management practices of the problem.

A single-mask Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technique overcomes the cumbersome practice of alignment of two masks and allows the production of foils with very large area as needed for the CMS muon forward region upgrade. However, the holes obtained with refinements in the single-mask technique are asymmetrically bi-conical in shape compared to symmetrically bi-conical holes of double-mask technology. The hole geometry and their uniformity define the performance of the detectors which are constructed with such GEM foils. To evaluate the effect of this asymmetry, the foils have been characterized experimentally using a special prototype with three single-mask GEM foils. The structure allowed to change the orientation of foils, testing from above with foils having a large hole opening, testing from the bottom with all the foils having small hole opening. The effective gain, energy resolution and the charging up behavior are compared for the two different hole orientations.

Characteristics of triple GEM detector have been studied systematically. The variation of the effective gain and energy resolution of GEM with variation of the applied voltage has been measured with Fe55 X-ray source for different gas mixtures and with different gas flow rates. Long-term test of the GEM has also been performed.

A search is performed for an excess of events, over the standard model expectations, with a photon, a lepton, and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Such events are expected in many new physics models, in particular a supersymmetric theory that is broken via a gauge-mediated mechanism, when the lightest charged and neutral gauginos are mass degenerate. The data sample used in this search corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. No evidence of such an excess above the standard model backgrounds, dominated by W-gamma production, is found. The results are presented as 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section for a benchmark gauge-mediated scenario, and are then converted into exclusion limits on the squark, gluino, and wino masses.

The aim of this work is to implement a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using a Python framework on Xilinx® Zynq® based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). And the prototype is used to tackle the challenging problem of real-time object detection in computer vision. Pre-trained CNN models are implemented using Tensorflow Application Programming Interface (API). The models are then implemented on Xilinx® Zynq® based FPGA using Python productivity for Zynq (PYNQ). The versatility of this approach is tested on four state-of-the-art object detectors based on the classifiers i.e. mobilenet v1 and inception v2 and the meta-architectures i.e. SSD and Faster R-CNN which have been trained on MS-COCO dataset. System functionality is compared on the basis of system latency, detection accuracy and ease of implementation on ARM® embedded mobile platforms. It is observed from the results and real-time frame rate, SSD with inception v2 model is suitable for the intended application. This hardware software co-design approach forms the basis of FPGA based hardware accelerators.

In this work we present two innovative architectures of resistive MPGDs based on the WELL-amplification concept: – the micro-Resistive WELL (μ-RWELL) is a compact spark-protected single amplification-stage Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD). The amplification stage, realized with a structure very similar to a GEM foil (called WELL), is embedded through a resistive layer in the readout board. A cathode electrode, defining the gas conversion/drift gap, completes the detector mechanics. The new architecture, showing an excellent space resolution, ~50 μm, is a very compact device, robust against discharges and exhibiting a large gain (>104), simple to construct and easy for engineering and then suitable for large area tracking devices as well as digital calorimeters. – the Fast Timing Micro-pattern (FTM): a new device with an architecture based on a stack of several coupled full-resistive layers where drift and multiplication stages (WELL type) alternate in the structure. The signals from each multiplication stage can be read out from any external readout boards through the capacitive couplings, providing a signal with a gain of 104–105. The main advantage of this new device is the improvement of the timing provided by the competition of the ionization processes in the different drift regions, which can be exploited for fast timing at the high luminosity accelerators (e.g. HL-LHC upgrade) as well as for applications like medical imaging.

The first Townsend coefficient α is measured at high fields, in pure hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and in their mixtures with argon, using a parallel plate chamber at various pressures. From a fit to the Townsend relation αp = A exp(− BpE) the gas constants A and B are derived. Space charge effects are observed at high fields.

Using a system of four gas electron multipliers (GEMs) operating in tandem and coupled to pad readout, we have demonstrated the detection of single electrons in ethane at 1 bar. The paper presents measurements of single electron pulse height distributions, total gas gain measurement and calculation, pad-to-pad cross-talk, quenching capability, high rate capability, charging effects, etc. We describe the overall operational experience, including addition of a gaseous photocathode, TMAE, and compare it to the SLD CRID single-electron detector (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 343 (1994) 74; Va’vra, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 433 (1999) 59), which has been operational during the past decade.

A search is presented for supersymmetry in all-hadronic events with missing transverse momentum and tagged top quarks. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $2.3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Search regions are defined using the properties of reconstructed jets, the multiplicity of bottom and top quark candidates, and an imbalance in transverse momentum. With no statistically significant excess of events observed beyond the expected contributions from the standard model, we set exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the masses of new particles in the context of simplified models of direct and gluino-mediated top squark production. For direct top squark production with decays to a top quark and a neutralino, top squark masses up to 740 GeV and neutralino masses up to 240 GeV are excluded. Gluino masses up to 1550 GeV and neutralino masses up to 900 GeV are excluded for a gluino-mediated production case, where each of the pair-produced gluinos decays to a top-antitop quark pair and a neutralino.

Classroom teaching assessments are intended to give valuable advice on the teaching-learning process as it happens. The finest schoolroom assessments furthermore assist as substantial foundations of information for teachers, serving them to recognize what they imparted fittingly and how they can improve their lecture content to keep the students attentive. In this paper, we have surveyed some of the recent paper works done on facial emotion recognition of students in a classroom arrangement and have proposed our deep learning approach to analyze emotions with improved emotion classification results and offers an optimized feedback to the instructor. A deep learning-based convolution neural network algorithm will be used in this paper to train FER2013 facial emotion images database and use transfer learning technique to pre-train the VGG16 architecture-based model with Cohn-Kanade (CK+) facial image database, with its own weights and basis. A trained model will capture the live steaming of students by using a high-resolution digital video camera that faces towards the students, capturing their live emotions through facial expressions, and classifying the emotions as sad, happy, neutral, angry, disgust, surprise, and fear, that can offer us an insight into the class group emotion that is reflective of the mood among the students in the classroom. This experimental approach can be used for video conferences, online classes etc. This proposition can improve the accuracy of emotion recognition and facilitate faster learning. We have presented the research methodologies and the achieved results on student emotions in a classroom atmosphere and have proposed an improved CNN model based on transfer learning that can suggestively improve the emotions classification accuracy.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) are nano-sized colloidal drug delivery system that contains a lipid mixture consisting of both solid and liquid lipids in their core. This Lipid-Based Nanosystem is introduced as a biocompatible, non-toxic, and safe nano-drug delivery system as compared to polymeric or metallic nanoparticles. Due to its safety, stability, and high drug loading capacity compared to other lipid-based nanocarriers, NLC gained the attention of researchers to formulate safe and effective drug carriers. The ability to increase drug solubility and permeability while encapsulating the drug in a lipidic shell makes them an ideal carrier for drug delivery through difficult-to-achieve routes. Surface modification of NLC and the use of various additives result in drug targeting and increased residence time. With such qualities, NLCs can be used to treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and pain management. This review focuses on the recent developments being made to deliver the drugs and genes through different routes via these nanocarriers. Here, we also discuss about historical background, structure, types of NLC and commonly employed techniques for manufacturing lipid-based nanocarriers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic retinopathy patients using Heidelberg retinal tomography III (HRT).A total of 90 eyes of 90 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with diabetic retinopathy (nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR, Group I and proliferative, PDR, Group II) were recruited for the study. The eyes with PDR were subjected to PRP. The effect of PRP was measured on optic nerve head (ONH) parameters using HRT.Follow-up up to 4 years in both groups indicated that in Group II proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) participants undergoing PRP, the ONH parameters showed a significant difference in cup area (P = 0.023), cup volume (P = 0.001), mean cup depth (P = 0.015), maximum cup depth (P < 0.001), mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P < 0.001) at 1 year of follow-up, and remained significant in all at 4 years of follow-up, whereas there was no significant difference in any of the optic disc parameters in the participants of Group I belonging to NPDR group as compared to PDR group after 4 years.PRP affected the ONH morphology in the PDR group and the effect of this change should be interpreted with caution. This may require setting a new baseline for RNFL measurements using the HRT when documenting RNFL loss or glaucoma progression in patients who have undergone PRP.

Abstract One of the most complicated issues in the production of electronic circuit boards, vehicles, aircraft, satellite, and communication components is the crimping of electrical wires to produce a secure connection. Furthermore, terminal crimping is crucial to the safe transmission of electricity; improper crimping causes difficulties like overheating of the plug, power loss, arcing, and mechanical connection failure. Magnetic pulse crimping has the ability to effectively address these difficulties. Magnetic pulse crimping is a non-contact technique creating a uniform pressure without any tool marks on lugs. This technique has better compression of conducting metal wires strands inside the lug and also has less voids compared to conventional mechanical crimping techniques. In this technique the pulsed magnetic field is generated inside the electromagnetic coil by the discharge of capacitor bank current. This magnetic field applies uniform pressure across the circumference of lug and crimp it with cable. 120 sq mm copper lug is magnetic pulse crimped with copper wire at 20 T. Significant improvements in leak rate in magnetically crimped lugs is seem compared to mechanically crimped 120 sq mm copper lugs. This technique also reduces the contact resistance and ultimately the temperature during operation in electrical system.

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been known to play an important role in teaching for long. Interactions, teaching environment, and emotional responses of students and instructors all have a demonstrable, complex interplay which spills over to behaviour. Particularly predictive and powerfully pattern-inducing in this regard, are emotional responses to events in the external environment. COVID-19 was a critical disruption in the teaching environment on account of its far-reaching effects over the modes and contents of instruction. Thus, there is a clear and present need to connect the emotional responses among students and instructors due to COVID-19 with the practice and interactions occurring during teaching. The authors present a narrative analysis based on qualitative inputs from instructors in a graduate course setting to find the effects of emotional responses to COVID-19 on teaching virtually. The authors bring in the concept of EI to explain the observations made from the analysis. The conclusions drawn are of direct and immediate importance for the future of teaching and learning in times of disruptions such as COVID-19. The study contributes by updating the knowledge base on emotion management in the classroom on the one hand, while adding to newer streams of research on virtual classroom settings and disruption-induced changes in teaching on the other hand. Some significant directions for praxis of business are also included.

Clean and efficient manufacturing techniques are in great demand in modern industrial facilities. New methods are being developed which are cleaner, environment-friendly, economical, and have better mechanical properties, among others. Due to hot corrosion, Tribological components are often subjected to wear and tear. Graphene (Gr) is a promising material with microwave absorption performance due to its self-lubricating properties, low density, and cementite (Fe3C) formation capabilities with iron. This work examined the effect of self-lubricating behavior and surface hardening of plungers of Austenite alloy by Ni-Gr cladding and glazing. Using silicon carbide abrasive media, a pin-on-disc wear tester was utilized for abrasion testing. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis supplemented with a microhardness test were performed to measure the improvement in the properties of clad samples. The results showed that temperature variation influences phase change and mechanical properties. The Ni-Gr cladding showed dense eutectic microstructure at 750° C. XRD's results revealed that the disintegration of the cladding layer is reduced due to heat treatment along with the generation of the Fe3C phase. In addition, the deposited specimen confirmations maximum wear resistance and hardness characteristics with a minimum wear rate at 750 °C, just above the steel's first critical temperature.

The current industrial environment is seeing a significant change towards sustainability and the integration of modern technology. Remanufacturing is developing as a crucial solution that intersects both developments. This manuscript presents a synopsis of the upcoming comprehensive research report that examines the ongoing paradigm shift observed in several businesses around the globe. The practise of remanufacturing, which involves the restoration of used products to a condition comparable to that of newly manufactured items, is increasingly becoming recognised as an environmentally viable alternative to conventional manufacturing methods. This study investigates the role of remanufacturing in facilitating resource conservation, waste reduction, and the establishment of a circular economy. This study examines the environmental advantages, economic feasibility, and regulatory structures that facilitate the adoption of remanufacturing. In conjunction with the principle of sustainability, advanced technological solutions are significantly transforming the field of remanufacturing practises. State-of-the-art technologies, including artificial intelligence, robots, additive manufacturing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), are being utilised to optimise and augment the remanufacturing process. The present study work aims to conduct an analysis of the integration of various technologies, with a particular focus on evaluating their impact on efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness. This paper will examine how industries from diverse sectors are adopting remanufacturing as a central approach to achieve a more environmentally sustainable and technologically advanced future. The analysis will be supported by case studies and real-world examples.

Helium based gas mixtures have been investigated for lowering multiple scattering contributions to the momentum resolution for intermediate energy particles. The relevant transport parameters, namely drift velocity and diffusion have been calculated for several mixtures and compared to standard argon based mixtures. Some fast, low diffusion mixtures have been identified. The small Lorentz angle computed make them promising candidates for drift chamber operation in magnetic fields.

Abstract We have measured the first Townsend coefficient α at high fields, in pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures with argon using a parallel plate chamber at various pressures. This is in order to understand the operating characteristics for high localization accuracy drift chambers operating in proportional and streamer regimes.

Computing for the LHC, and for HEP more generally, is traditionally viewed as requiring specialized infrastructure and software environments, and therefore not compatible with the recent trend in "volunteer computing", where volunteers supply free processing time on ordinary PCs and laptops via standard Internet connections. In this paper, we demonstrate that with the use of virtual machine technology, at least some standard LHC computing tasks can be tackled with volunteer computing resources. Specifically, by presenting volunteer computing resources to HEP scientists as a "volunteer cloud", essentially identical to a Grid or dedicated cluster from a job submission perspective, LHC simulations can be processed effectively. This article outlines both the technical steps required for such a solution and the implications for LHC computing as well as for LHC public outreach and for participation by scientists from developing regions in LHC research.

Performances of the Gas Gain Monitoring system of the CMS RPC muon detectors after one year of operation at the scaled down closed loop recirculation gas system are presented. The GGM is made of 12 single-gap RPC's arranged in a cosmic ray telescope, with charge readout for online monitoring of working point. Preliminary results on sensitivity to gas changes and to environmental variables will be reported on.

The CMS GEM collaboration is performing a feasibility study to install triple-GEM detectors in the forward region of the muon system (1.6 < |η| < 2.4) of the CMS detector at the LHC. Such micro-pattern gas detectors are able to cope with the extreme particle rates that are expected in that region during the High Luminosity phase of the LHC. With their spatial resolution of order 100 micron GEMs would not only provide additional benefits in the CMS muon High Level Trigger, but also in the muon identification and track reconstruction, effectively combining tracking and triggering capabilities in one single device. The present status of the full project will be reviewed, highlighting all importants steps and achievements since the start of the R&amp;D in 2009. Several small and full-size prototypes were constructed with different geometries and techniques. The baseline design of the triple-GEM detector for CMS will be described, along with the results from extensive test measurements of all prototypes both in the lab and in test beams at the CERN SPS. The proposed on- and off-detector electronics for the final system will be presented.