Arnab Purohit

We present measurements of the reduction of light output by plastic scintillators irradiated in the CMS detector during the 8 TeV run of the Large Hadron Collider and show that they indicate a strong dose rate effect. The damage for a given dose is larger for lower dose rate exposures. The results agree with previous measurements of dose rate effects, but are stronger due to the very low dose rates probed. We show that the scaling with dose rate is consistent with that expected from diffusion effects.

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 6First Report of Pratylenchus zeae on Upland Rice from Jharkhand, India PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Pratylenchus zeae on Upland Rice from Jharkhand, IndiaSandip Mondal, Arnab Purohit, Dipankar Chakraborti, Matiyar Rahaman Khan, and Abhishek MukherjeeSandip MondalAgricultural & Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author, Arnab PurohitAgricultural & Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author, Dipankar ChakrabortiDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700119, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author, Matiyar Rahaman KhanDivision of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author, and Abhishek Mukherjee†Corresponding author: A. Mukherjee; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-1363Agricultural & Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Sandip Mondal1 Arnab Purohit1 Dipankar Chakraborti2 Matiyar Rahaman Khan3 Abhishek Mukherjee1 † 1Agricultural & Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India 2Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700119, India 3Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India Published Online:11 May 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-21-2053-PDNAboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Rice (Oryza sativa) is the principal crop of the state of Jharkhand, India. In August 2019, during a nematode-specific sampling effort in rice in Giridih district (24.21°N, 86.27°E) of Jharkhand, a population of Pratylenchus was found. It was the second most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode (after Meloidogyne graminicola), with an absolute frequency of 50.57% and absolute density of ∼113 nematodes/(100 cm3 soil + 5 g root) (Norton 1978). Characteristic root-lesion symptoms, darkened areas of dead tissue in the root, were observed during the vegetative growth phase. Rice plants were randomly sampled from three fields and nematodes were extracted from the composite sample using the modified Baermann method (Whitehead and Hemming 1965) for identification, molecular characterization, and pathogenicity studies. The mature female body was found to be slender with a heavily sclerotized labial framework with three annuli. Labial framework was not offset from the body. Lateral fields with four lines extended beyond the tail region. Tail shape was generally conoid, or narrowly rounded. Measurements (range, mean ± SD) of mature female (n = 10): body length (430.2 to 536.0 µm, 474.7 ± 32.69 µm); body width (18.7 to 23.8 µm, 21.94 ± 1.45 µm); stylet length (14.0 to 14.9 µm, 14.5 ± 0.3 µm); conus length (5.6 to 7.3 µm, 6.4 ± 0.5 µm); shaft length (5.5 to 6.4 µm, 6.0 ± 0.2 µm); knob width (3.7 to 4.8 µm, 4.3 ± 0.3 µm); knob height (1.5 to 2.3 µm, 2.0 ± 0.2 µm); Dorsal esophageal gland opening from stylet base (2.9 to 4.5 µm, 3.8 ± 0.4 µm); head to median bulb (46.7 to 54.8 µm, 49.3 ± 2.6 µm); head to esophageal gland end (103.2 to 127.7 µm, 113.5 ± 7.6 µm); head to excretory pore (72.4 to 94.1 µm, 80.4 ± 7.2 µm); tail length (33.2 to 40.7 µm, 35.3 ± 2.2 µm); vulva to anus distance (88.8 to 109.8 µm, 98.0 ± 6.6 µm); body diameter at vulva (18.5 to 21.9 µm, 20.1 ± 1.1 µm); anal body width (12.5 to 15.5 µm, 13.8 ± 0.9 µm). De Man’s ratios are as follows: a-value = 21.6 (20.1 to 25.3); b-value = 4.1 (3.3 to 4.6); and c-value = 13.4 (12.4 to 14.4). All morphometric parameters and De Man’s ratios were within the description range of Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951 by Castillo and Vovlas (2007). Further, genomic DNA was extracted from individual nematodes following the worm lysis buffer method for molecular analysis (Williams et al. 1992). The small subunit of 18S rRNA was amplified with 18S[1]F (5′-CCAATACATGGATAACTGTGG-3′) and 18S[1]R (5′-GGTCCAAGAATTTCACCTCTC-3′) primer pairs, while the D2D3 region of 28S rRNA was amplified with D2F (5′-CGGATAGAGCCAGCGTATC-3′) and D3R (5′-AATCGCTTCGGACTTCCACCAG-3′) (Pascual et al. 2014; Ye et al. 2015). Fragments of 18S rRNA (GenBank OK037045, 793 bp) and D2D3 (OK037067, 628 bp) regions showed 98 to 99% similarities with those of P. zeae isolates available in GenBank. Therefore, both morphological and molecular characterization confirmed the identity of the nematode as P. zeae. For the pathogenicity study, 300 mixed stage (juvenile and female) nematodes were inoculated near the base of 7-day-old seedlings (n = 5) of Pusa Basmati-1121 grown in 250 cm3 plastic pots filled with double steam-sterilized soil (Pili et al. 2016). Noninoculated plants were used as the control. Plants harvested at 30 days postinoculation showed root-lesion symptoms with a reproduction factor of 1.17 ± 0.26. No symptoms were observed in control plants. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of P. zeae isolates from Giridih district on rice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. zeae from the state of Jharkhand, India.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Castillo, P., and Vovlas, N. 2007. Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. Crossref, Google ScholarNorton, D. C. 1978. Ecology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Wiley, New York, NY. Google ScholarPascual, M., et al. 2014. Nematropica 44:166. ISI, Google ScholarPili, N. N., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:1022. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0743-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarWhitehead, A. G., and Hemming, J. R. 1965. Ann. Appl. Biol. 55:25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07864.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWilliams, B., et al. 1992. Genetics 131:609. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.3.609 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarYe, W., et al. 2015. PLoS One 10:e0143556. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143556 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 6 June 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 2 Jun 2022 Published: 11 May 2022 Accepted: 3 Jan 2022 Page: 1765 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsmorphological characteristicsPratylenchus zeaericeThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byPratylenchus zeae (root lesion nematode)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI Compendium

<p>This paper introduces PIXIE (Penalised Pixel Intersection Error), a novel loss function aimed at improving model performance through the penalization of error pixels and alignment of the predicted mask with the ground truth mask. We explore the effectiveness of PIXIE alongside U-Net and DeepLabV3 networks. In addition to novel loss functions, this paper conducts model selection studies to understand overestimations and underestimations. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation using diverse datasets spanning medical imaging (breast tumor, COVID-19, Brain MRI) and remote sensing domains (forest fire, water bodies satellite images). Performance metrics, such as Intersection over Union (IoU), Dice Coefficient (DC), Area Error Ratio (AER), precision, and recall are quantitatively assessed. Moreover, we compare PIXIE with traditional loss functions like Jacard loss, Focal loss, and Binary crossentropy. PIXIE demonstrates comparable performance to the traditional loss functions in certain metrics and outperforms them in others, establishing itself as a leading approach in achieving exceptional results across all examined segmentation datasets. These findings represent a substantial contribution to the practical evolution of semantic segmentation in computer vision, offering essential insights into the optimization of loss functions for the development of accurate and robust models.</p>

We study the light output, light collection efficiency and signal timing of a variety of organic scintillators that are being considered for the upgrade of the hadronic calorimeter of the CMS detector. The experimental data are collected at the H2 test-beam area at CERN, using a 150 GeV muon beam. In particular, we investigate the usage of over-doped and green-emitting plastic scintillators, two solutions that have not been extensively considered. We present a study of the energy distribution in plastic-scintillator tiles, the hit efficiency as a function of the hit position, and a study of the signal timing for blue and green scintillators.

The Phase I upgrade of the CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeters consists of new photodetectors (Silicon Photomultipliers in place of Hybrid Photo-Diodes) and front-end electronics. The upgrade will eliminate the noise and the calibration drift of the Hybrid Photo-Diodes and enable the mitigation of the radiation damage of the scintillators and the wavelength shifting fibers with a larger spectral acceptance of the Silicon Photomultipliers. The upgrade also includes increased longitudinal segmentation of the calorimeter readout, which allows pile-up mitigation and recalibration due to depth-dependent radiation damage. As a realistic operational test, the responses of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeter wedges were calibrated with a 60Co radioactive source with upgrade electronics. The test successfully established the procedure for future source calibrations of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeters. Here we describe the instrumentation details and the operational experiences related to the sourcing test.

Techniques and results of the re-discovery analysis of standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons are presented. The analysis is performed on 2016 data at 13 TeV centre of mass energy corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 $$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$$ taken by the CMS detector in LHC experiment. The central value of mass distribution of the standard model Higgs boson at the Run 1 ATLAS $$+$$ CMS combined result was m(Higgs) $$=$$ 125.09 GeV. At this mass point, with the data taken by CMS in 2016, 6.2 $$ \sigma $$ significance is expected where the observed significance is 5.6 $$\sigma $$ . At 126.0 GeV the maximum significance of 6.1 $$\sigma $$ is observed.

The analysis, reported here, to measure attributes of the Standard Model Higgs boson using the H $\rightarrow$ $\gamma$ $\gamma$ decay channel, uses the data which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2016 LHC running period. The measured combined signal strength relative to the standard model prediction is 1.16$^{+0.15}_{-0.14} =1.16 ^{+0.11} _{-0.10} (stat.) ^{+0.09}_{-0.08} (syst.) ^{+0.06}_{-0.05} (theo.)$. Signal strengths associated with the different Higgs boson production modes are also measured. Estimated results of the coupling strength modifiers, in the kappa framework, of the Higgs boson to vector bosons and fermions and the same to photons and gluons are reported.

The accessing, manipulating, and operation of vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays is done through a compact, powerful, and expressive syntax that has been offered by array programming. The idea of mathematical properties such as the commutative property, reveals that the change in the order of the components or factors does not influence the product of the components. In this paper, we have evaluated that the fundamentals of array conduct an unembellished and influential programming paradigm for sorting, traversing, and analyzing factual data