A. Manousakis-Katsikakis

The production of the χ1 and χ2 states of charmonium has been observed in 300 GeV/c π±N and pN interactions. The fraction of the total inclusive J/ψ production due to radiative χ decay has been determined to be 0.40±0.04, 0.37±0.03, and 0.30±0.04 for the π+, π−, and proton data, respectively. Total cross sections have been obtained of 131±18±14 and 188±30±21 nb/nucleon in the 300 GeV/c π−N interactions for χ1 and χ2 production. By measuring the contributions to the J/ψ production due to both ψ’ and radiative χ decay, the cross sections for direct J/ψ production have been determined to be 97±14, 102±14, and 89±12 nb/nucleon for π+, π−, and protons, respectively.Received 21 October 1992DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.383©1993 American Physical Society

Hadroproduction of the $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ states has been studied in 300-GeV/c proton, antiproton, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$Li interactions. Both total and differential cross sections in ${x}_{F}$ and ${p}_{T}$ have been measured for the $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ for the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, proton, and antiproton interactions. The ratio of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ to $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ production has been determined for the four types of beam particles.

New scintillation counters have been designed and constructed for the CDF upgrade in order to complete the muon coverage of the central CDF detector, and to extend this coverage to larger pseudorapidity. A novel light collection technique using wavelength shifting fibers, together with high quality polystyrene-based scintillator resulted in compact counters with good and stable light collection efficiency over lengths extending up to 320 cm. Their design and construction is described and results of their initial performance are reported.

A search has been made in 300 GeV/c ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$- and proton-Li interactions for production of states that decay into J/\ensuremath{\psi} or \ensuremath{\psi}' plus one or two pions. A 2.5\ensuremath{\sigma} enhancement in the J/\ensuremath{\psi} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ spectrum, possibly the recently reported $^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ state of charmonium, is observed at a mass of 3.527 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$. In the J/\ensuremath{\psi} plus two pion mass spectrum, we report, together with the expected \ensuremath{\psi}'\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, the tentative observation of a structure at a mass of 3.836 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$. No enhancements are seen in the J/\ensuremath{\psi} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, J/\ensuremath{\psi} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$, J/\ensuremath{\psi} ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, or \ensuremath{\psi}' ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ mass spectra.

Abstract The polystyrene-based scintillator UPS 923A was chosen for upgrading of the muon system for the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Properties of this scintillator such as light output, light attenuation, long-term stability and also timing characteristics of scintillators and wavelength-shifting fibers were investigated. The method for the Bulk Attenuation Length measurements of the scintillator to its own light emitted was proposed. Comparison measurements of the characteristics of the UPS 923A and the polyvinyltoluene-based scintillator NE 114 are done. It was found that natural aging of the NE 114 was two times faster than that of the UPS 923A.

NESTOR is a deep-sea water Cherenkov neutrino detector now under construction for deployment in the Mediterranean off Greece. Its key component is an optical module employing a photomultiplier tube with a 15 in. hemispherical photocathode in a transparent glass pressure housing. Extensive tests have been made on the sensitivity, uniformity, time resolution, noise rates and mechanical properties of the module: several test deployments have been made at sea.

An underwater neutrino astrophysics laboratory, to be located in the international waters off the Southwest of Greece, near the town of Pylos is now under construction. In the last two years a group of physicists from Greece and Russia have carried out two demonstration experiments in 4km deep water, counting muons and verifying the adequacy of the deep sea site. Plans are presented for a 100, 000 m2 high energy neutrino detector composed of a hexagon of hexagonal towers, with 1176 optical detector units. A progress report is given and the physics potential of a siggle tower with 168 phototubes (currently under construction) is described.

We present a measurement and comparison of the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}$ production cross sections determined from interactions of 300-GeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and $p$ with a Li target. We find $\frac{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}}{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}}$ production ratios of $0.52_{\ensuremath{-}0.27}^{}{}_{}{}^{+0.57}$ and $0.08_{\ensuremath{-}0.15}^{}{}_{}{}^{+0.25}$ from reactions induced by ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and $p$, respectively.

NESTOR is an underwater neutrino astrophysics laboratory to be located in the international waters of the southwest of Greece. The first phase of this experiment is the construction and deployment of one hexagonal tower consisting of 168 optical modules, with effective are of 20000m2 for E ⩾ TeV neutrinos. Over the past few years detailed studies of the site have been carried out while many tests have been performed. The current status of the preparation of the experiment and the future plans will be presented.

Experiment 705 at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has designed, built, and operated a large acceptance, highly segmented electromagnetic shower calorimeter using SF5 lead glass, SCG1-C scintillating glass, and two types of gas-based fine-grained hodoscopes. The calorimeter was used to reconstruct photons and electrons with energies ranging from a few GeV/c2 to over 100 GeV/c2 in 300 GeV/c pion and proton interactions on a lithium target at instantaneous interaction rates approaching several MHz. Construction details of the calorimeter are given. The readout electronics, calibration, and algorithms used to reconstruct the positions and energies of showering particles are discussed. Energy resolution, position resolution, and reconstruction efficiency are assessed using both calibration electron beams and electrons and π0 mesons reconstructed in 300 GeV/c interactions.

Abstract In the last few years a great interest has been expressed for the construction of a Neutrino Astroparticle Physics Laboratory in the Mediterranean. The NESTOR collaboration made important progresses and plans soon to deploy in deep sea a detector with ∼ 104 m2 effective surface. This detector will be able not only to demonstrate the validity of the experimental approach but also to start data collection and then real Neutrino Astrophysics. The status of the preparation of the experiment and the future programs are described.

A fine-grain hodoscope to measure the position of showers in the outer (>52 cm) region of the E-705 electromagnetic calorimeter is described. The hodoscope is constructed with two layers of vertical conducting plastic tubes for the X position measurement of showers. Y position measurement of showers was accomplished by cathode-induced horizontal strips. A 50/50-ethane mixture bubbled through isopropyl alcohol at 0 degrees C was circulated through the tubes in parallel. The tubes were operated at +1.925 kV on the wire (below the region of saturated avalanche) in the limited proportionality mode. The hodoscope is described, and results are presented for the position resolution, shower width, and charge detected as a function of calibration electron energy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The design and performance of a 4.2-radiation-length, lead-sandwich, gas tube hodoscope are discussed. The device, measuring 1*2 m/sup 2/ in area and 12 cm in depth, was used in Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory experiment 705. Multiple samplings of anode wires situated within three-walled aluminum tubes were used to generate an X coordinate; similarly, capacitively coupled copper-clad strips were ganged together to yield a Y coordinate. The results reviewed of an analysis of electron calibration data taken during a recent six-month running period are reviewed. The position resolution (in millimeters) is seen to be 0.8+3.3/ square root E+31/E for the 9.92 mm-spaced wires and 0.6+3.2/ square root E+32 for the 12.5-mm strips, where E represents the electron beam energy in GeV. The correlation between energy as measured by the wires and energy as measured by the strips is fairly tight, with an asymmetry RMS (root mean square) for 30-GeV electrons of about 4%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A 544-channel low-noise, high-rate precision charge-amplification and ADC (analog/digital converter) system was constructed for the Fermilab Experiment 705 electromagnetic calorimeter, which uses SCG1-C scintillating glass and SF5 lead glass instrumented with photomultiplier tubes. A general discussion of the system is given, and the charge amplification, fast-trigger-pulse generation, and analog/digital conversion aspects of the system are presented in more detail. Performance is evaluated using data from Experiment 705 and from offline tests. Short- and long-term pedestal stability, baseline recovery and rate capability, linearity of response, and crosstalk between channels are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

NESTOR is a submarine high-energy muon and neutrino telescope, now under construction for deployment in the Mediterranean close to Greek shores. The first floor of the NESTOR with 12 optical modules had been deployed successfully in March 2003 together with electronics system. All systems and the associated environmental monitoring units are operating properly and data are being recorded. The status of the NESTOR project is presented. We outline briefly the construction of deepwater neutrino telescope, properties of the NESTOR site, infrastructure of the project, the deployment of the first floor and its current operation. First data are presented and plans for next steps are summarized.

The first so-called floor with 12 detector modules of the NESTOR deep sea high energy muon and neutrino telescope had been deployed successfully this March (2003) together with its electronics system. Since that data the system and the associated environmental monitoring units are operating properly and data pp. 1377–1380 c ©2003 by Universal Academy Press, Inc.

The E705 scintillation glass/lead glass electromagnetic calorimeter is described. The trigger used for recording high transverse momentum direct photon signals from 300 GeV/c π−, π+, $$\bar{p} $$ , p interactions in a Li7 target is explained. Preliminary results on the response of this direct photon trigger and electromagnetic calorimeter and expected event sensitivities are presented.

Three multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs) with high-rate capability have been constructed for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory experiment 705 (charmonium and direct photon production by pi /sup +or-/,p and p at 300 GeV/c). Each chamber, with a sensitive area of 308 cm/sup 2/, consists of three anode planes, wound with 12.5- mu m-diameter gold-plated tungsten/rhenium wire, facing 25- mu m graphite-coated kapton cathode planes at a distance of 3 mm. Wire spacing is 0.75 mm in two of the MWPCs and 1.00 mm in the third one. After a few weeks of running on 'magic gas' with a beam flux of up to approximately 10/sup 7/ particles/cm/sup 2/ s, severe damage occurred to the graphite coating. All cathode planes were replaced by aluminized kapton, and the chambers worked successfully for the next three months until the end of the run, when a 10% efficiency drop was observed after a total accumulated charge of approximately 1 C/cm of sense wire. After the end of the run the chambers were disassembled and inspected. A white deposit with a characteristic wire pattern etched away from the Al coating was observed in the region of the beam spot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>