Anshul Kapoor

Biological therapies that increase or suppress the expression of transcripts underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) progression are increasingly being explored to create novel treatment paradigms beyond simply suppressing or destroying tissue. To date, there has been no systematic overview of the preclinical evidence exploring manipulation of fundamental biological principles in the treatment of AF. As such, the objective of this study was to establish the effect of biological approaches used in the treatment of AF within large and small animals. We performed a systematic search using predefined terms, which yielded 25 studies. We determined the effect of biological approaches on primary efficacy outcomes and assessed the quality of included studies or possible bias in the treatment of AF. Compared with non-transduced or transduced controls, biological therapies reduced AF inducibility (85% less AF; odds ratio 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.35; P < .01) and atrial scar burden (6.7% smaller scars; 95% CI 4.2-9.2; P < .01) or increased number of days in sinus rhythm (6.4 more days in sinus rhythm; 95% CI 5.83-6.97; P < .01). Similar effects were seen in both large and small animals, while a minor tendency to higher risk of bias was observed in small animal studies. In conclusion, treatment with any biological therapy significantly improved AF in preclinical animal models compared with controls. Although biological therapies target markedly different fundamental mechanisms, we observed a consistent difference in their effect on AF outcomes.

In today’s modern era where the world has advanced with latest technologies, still there is scope of improvement in various fields. Currently we are witnessing modern techniques using Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning. We can use them to enhance and improve the human health and lifestyle. One research area less explored is Diabetic Retinopathy and Hypertensive Retinopathy. Both are caused by Chronic Diabetic conditions or Hypertension Condition, which can cause serious damages in one's eye including blood vessel rupture cotton wool-spots etc. We can capture high resolution images and can use them to classify and detect the condition and help the patient with early diagnosis that can save them from losing their eyesight.

Machine learning plays a major role from past years in image detection, spam reorganization, normal speech command, product recommendation and medical diagnosis. Present machine learning algorithm helps us in enhancing security alerts, ensuring public safety and improve medical enhancements. Due to increase in urbanization, there is an increase in demand for renting houses and purchasing houses. Therefore, to determine a more effective way to calculate house price accurately is the need of the hour. So, an effort has been made to determine the most accurate way of predicting house price by using machine learning algorithms: Multivariable Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression and Random Forest Regression and it is determined that Multivariable Linear Regression has showed most accuracy and less error.

Mesonic and baryonic interactions are studied in a model of chiral U(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(3) symmetry. The scalar and pseudoscalar mesons are assumed to belong to the (3,${3}^{*}$)\ensuremath{\bigoplus}(${3}^{*}$,3) representation. Nonets of vector and axial-vector fields are introduced as gauge fields. The baryons are assumed to transform as the (3,${3}^{*}$)\ensuremath{\bigoplus}(${3}^{*}$,3) representation. Explicit and spontaneous symmetry breakings are introduced and masses and various couplings are obtained. Most of the parameters are fixed by using some particle masses as input. We find that the Lagrangian is approximately invariant under SU(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2) while for the vacuum SU(3) is a better symmetry than SU(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2). The scalar-meson masses are predicted to be ${m}_{S \ensuremath{\pi}}=949$ MeV, ${m}_{{S}_{K}}=1025$ MeV, ${m}_{S \ensuremath{\eta}}=1068$ MeV, and ${m}_{S {\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=694$ MeV. The $V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{PP}$, $A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{VP}$, $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{PP}$, and the three-body decay models $A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3P$ are calculated, which compare well with the experiments. The meson-meson scattering lengths and effective ranges are calculated and compared with experiments and the current-algebra results. The mesonic decay constants and the ${K}_{l3}$ form factors are calculated, and we have $\frac{{F}_{K}}{{F}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}=1.04$, $\frac{{F}_{{S}_{K}}}{{F}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}=\ensuremath{-}1.04$, ${f}_{+}(0)=0.99$, $\ensuremath{\xi}=\ensuremath{-}0.24$, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{+}=0.021$, and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{-}}=\ensuremath{-}0.022$. The $\mathrm{BBP}$ coupling constants and some of the meson-baryon scattering lengths, however, do not agree with the experiments. The nonelectromagnetic isospin-violating effects are studied and it is found that a single value of a parameter characterizing the strength of these interactions does not explain the following three results: (i) the electromagnetic mass differences of pseudoscalar mesons, (ii) the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay parameters, and (iii) the baryon electromagnetic mass differences.

Using the exponential shift lemma, a method to evaluate the superpropagator for scalar functions of a multiplet of fields is developed. As an application we obtain the generating function 〈T (Tr exp[λΦ (x)], Tr exp[λ′Φ (y)]) 〉0 for vacuum expectation values 〈T (TrΦN(x)TrΦN(y)) 〉0, when Φ is a 3×3 matrix, which is sufficient to get the results of Ashmore and Delbourgo on the matrix superpropagator for the chiral symmetry case.

We present a model based on chiral SU(3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(3) for the nonleptonic decays of mesons and baryons. The model is fully gauge-invariant and renormalizable. The basic fields in the model are the spin-1 and spin-0 mesons. All symmetry-breaking effects, including the nonleptonic weak mixings, are achieved through the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking mechanism. Our choice of the Higgs-Kibble scalars automatically ensures octet dominance for the nonleptonic weak vertex. Since we find it hard to include baryons in the model, a phenomenological treatment of the baryon decays, assuming SU(3) invariance of the baryonic couplings, is presented. In the model we calculate the two-pion and three-pion decays of the kaon, the $s$-wave amplitudes for the hyperon decays, and the ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference. The results for $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay widths are in excellent agreement with experiment. The slope parameter for the $K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay, however, comes out with the wrong sign. The $s$-wave amplitudes for the hyperon decays agree reasonably well with experiment. The estimate for the ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference is of the correct order of magnitude. ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ decay is calculated by using the known current-algebra estimate of $\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mixing. The decay width obtained by us is rather low. Our conclusion is that $\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mixing alone is not sufficient to explain the ${K}^{+}$ decay. On extending the model to chiral SU(4) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(4), we predict the existence of a component transforming as the 15 representation of SU(4) in the nonleptonic Hamiltonian. Therefore, the nonleptonic decays of charmed mesons will provide a definitive test for the model.

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is an analytical technique that can be used to characterise the surface and near-surface region of solids. The instrument operation and data analysis have been discussed to obtain meaningful results. The paper discusses the technique of sequential sputtering to elucidate the thickness of individual layers in a multilayer structure. The application of the technique for failure analysis, standard generation and interface studies have been discussed in detail taking examples of multilayer structures of compound semiconductors being developed at SSPL. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(4), pp.342-350 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1532

An earlier method of evaluation of matrix superpropagators without derivatives is extended to cover all such cases of interest. Matrix superpropagators with derivatives are reduced to superpropagators without derivatives by a straightforward application of Wick’s theorem for tiem ordered products. A simple connection is found between the superpropagators involving the fiels with derivatives at one of the points opnly and superpropagators obtained by replacing fiels with derivatives by fields without derivatives. The results of the present paper are sufficient to allow evaluation of all superpropagators, with and without derivatives, encountered in the second order for nonlinear chiral Lagrangians.