Armando Bermúdez Martínez

Collinear and transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton densities are obtained from fits to precision measurements of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross sections at HERA. The parton densities are evolved by Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution with next-to-leading-order (NLO) splitting functions using the parton branching method, allowing one to determine simultaneously collinear and TMD densities for all flavors over a wide range in $x$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ and ${k}_{t}$, relevant for predictions at the LHC. The DIS cross section is computed from the parton densities using perturbative NLO coefficient functions. Parton densities satisfying angular ordering conditions are presented. Two sets of parton densities are obtained, differing in the renormalization scale choice for the argument in the strong coupling ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{s}}$. This is taken to be either the evolution scale $\ensuremath{\mu}$ or the transverse momentum ${q}_{t}$. While both choices yield similarly good ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ values for the fit to DIS measurements, the gluon density especially turns out to differ between the two sets. The TMD densities are used to predict the transverse momentum spectrum of $Z$ bosons at the LHC.

Abstract The Cascade3 Monte Carlo event generator based on Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton densities is described. Hard processes which are generated in collinear factorization with LO multileg or NLO parton level generators are extended by adding transverse momenta to the initial partons according to TMD densities and applying dedicated TMD parton showers and hadronization. Processes with off-shell kinematics within $$k_{{t}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -factorization, either internally implemented or from external packages via LHE files, can be processed for parton showering and hadronization. The initial state parton shower is tied to the TMD parton distribution, with all parameters fixed by the TMD distribution.

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distributions obtained from the Parton Branching (PB) method are combined with next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of Drell-Yan (DY) production. We apply the MCatNLO method for the hard process calculation and matching with the PB TMDs. We compute predictions for the transverse momentum, rapidity and $\phi^*$ spectra of Z-bosons. We find that the theoretical uncertainties of the predictions are dominated by the renormalization and factorization scale dependence, while the impact of TMD uncertainties is moderate. The theoretical predictions agree well, within uncertainties, with measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we study the region of lowest transverse momenta at the LHC, and comment on its sensitivity to nonperturbative TMD contributions.

A common library, TMDlib2, for Transverse-Momentum-Dependent distributions (TMDs) and unintegrated parton distributions (uPDFs) is described, which allows for easy access of commonly used TMDs and uPDFs, providing a three-dimensional (3D) picture of the partonic structure of hadrons. The tool TMDplotter allows for web-based plotting of distributions implemented in TMDlib2, together with collinear pdfs as available in LHAPDF.

The NEXT experiment aims to observe the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe in a high-pressure xenon gas TPC using electroluminescence (EL) to amplify the signal from ionization. One of the main advantages of this technology is the possibility to reconstruct the topology of events with energies close to Q ββ . This paper presents the first demonstration that the topology provides extra handles to reject background events using data obtained with the NEXT-DEMO prototype. Single electrons resulting from the interactions of 22Na 1275 keV gammas and electronpositron pairs produced by conversions of gammas from the 228Th decay chain were used to represent the background and the signal in a double beta decay. These data were used to develop algorithms for the reconstruction of tracks and the identification of the energy deposited at the end-points, providing an extra background rejection factor of 24.3 ± 1.4 (stat.)%, while maintaining an efficiency of 66.7 ± 1.% for signal events.

Abstract It has been observed in the literature that measurements of low-mass Drell–Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies $$\sqrt{s}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> are not well described by perturbative QCD calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. We examine this issue from the standpoint of the Parton Branching (PB) method, combining next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. We compare our predictions with experimental measurements at low DY mass, and find very good agreement. In addition we use the low mass DY measurements at low $$\sqrt{s}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> to determine the width $$q_s$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> of the intrinsic Gauss distribution of the PB-TMDs at low evolution scales. We find values close to what has earlier been used in applications of PB-TMDs to high-energy processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and HERA. We find that at low DY mass and low $$\sqrt{s}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> even in the region of $$p_\mathrm{T}/m_\mathrm{DY}\sim 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>DY</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe the measurements, while at larger masses ( $$m_\mathrm{DY}\sim m_{{\mathrm{Z}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>DY</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of $$p_\mathrm{T}/m_\mathrm{DY}\sim 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>DY</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> is small.

The theoretical description of the physics of multi-jets in hadronic collisions at high energies is based on “merging” methods, which combine short-timescale production of jets with long-timescale evolution of partonic showers. We point out potential implications of the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions on the structure of multi-jet states at high energies, and in particular on the theoretical systematics associated with multi-jet merging. To analyze this, we propose a new merging methodology, and illustrate its impact by comparing our theoretical results with experimental measurements for Z-boson + jets production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Abstract. This paper presents a hierarchical conflation process applied to open datasets for the creation of a seamless pan-European map of building footprints in vector format, named Digital Building Stock Model – DBSM. The objective is the sequential addition of input components (which currently include OpenStreetMap, Microsoft GlobalML Building Footprints, European Settlement Map), taking into account their limitations, and aiming at the highest level of completeness possible, for planning and evaluating energy transition scenarios at the EU level. The results indicate how DBSM compares robustly against cadastral data from Estonia, used as reference area. The comparison of DBSM with GHS-BUILT-S, a 10 metres resolution grid with worldwide coverage that encodes the built-up surface in each pixel as derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for the year 2018, reveals a relative overestimation of the latter, factored by 0.68 at the EU scale for a sound match.

Two main frameworks for defining transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton densities are the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, and the Parton Branching (PB) approach. While PB-TMDs have an explicit dependence on a single scale which is used to evolve PB-TMDs in momentum space, TMDs defined in CSS formalism present a double-scale evolution in renormalization and rapidity scales, via a pair of coupled evolution equations. In this letter I leverage the Collins-Soper kernel determined from simulated Drell Yan transverse momentum spectra using PB-TMDs, and provide, for the first time, the transformation of TMD parton distributions from the PB framework to the CSS formalism. The evolved PB-TMDs in b-space are compared to the recently released, unpolarized TMD distribution ART23.

Abstract The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . The small $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell–Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative “intrinsic- $$k_{\textrm{T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ” distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.

Abstract The azimuthal correlation, $$\Delta \phi _{12}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , of high transverse momentum jets in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV is studied by applying PB-TMD distributions to NLO calculations via MCatNLO together with the PB-TMD parton shower. A very good description of the cross section as a function of $$\Delta \phi _{12}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is observed. In the back-to-back region of $${\Delta \phi _{12}}\rightarrow \pi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , a very good agreement is observed with the PB-TMD Set 2 distributions while significant deviations are obtained with the PB-TMD Set 1 distributions. Set 1 uses the evolution scale while Set 2 uses transverse momentum as an argument in $$\alpha _\mathrm {s}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and the above observation therefore confirms the importance of an appropriate soft-gluon coupling in angular ordered parton evolution. The total uncertainties of the predictions are dominated by the scale uncertainties of the matrix element, while the uncertainties coming from the PB-TMDs and the corresponding PB-TMD shower are very small. The $$\Delta \phi _{12}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> measurements are also compared with predictions using MCatNLO together Pythia 8, illustrating the importance of details of the parton shower evolution.

Abstract Azimuthal correlations in $$\mathrm {Z} +$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> jet production at large transverse momenta are computed by matching Parton-Branching (PB) TMD parton distributions and showers with NLO calculations via MCatNLO. The predictions are compared with those for dijet production in the same kinematic range. The azimuthal correlations $$\Delta \phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> between the Z boson and the leading jet are steeper compared to those in dijet production at transverse momenta $$\mathcal{O}(100)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV , while they become similar for very high transverse momenta $${{\mathcal {O}}}(1000)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1000</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV . The different patterns of $$\mathrm {Z} +$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> jet and dijet azimuthal correlations can be used to search for potential factorization-breaking effects in the back-to-back region, which depend on the different color and spin structure of the final states and their interferences with the initial states. In order to investigate these effects experimentally, we propose to measure the ratio of the distributions in $$\Delta \phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$\mathrm {Z} +$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> jet- and multijet production at low and at high transverse momenta, and compare the results to predictions obtained assuming factorization. We examine the role of theoretical uncertainties by performing variations of the factorization scale, renormalization scale and matching scale. In particular, we present a comparative study of matching scale uncertainties in the cases of PB-TMD and collinear parton showers.

A bstract A search for new top quark interactions is performed within the framework of an effective field theory using the associated production of either one or two top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Five dimension-six operators modifying the electroweak interactions of the top quark are considered. Novel machine-learning techniques are used to enhance the sensitivity to effects arising from these operators. Distributions used for the signal extraction are parameterized in terms of Wilson coefficients describing the interaction strengths of the operators. All five Wilson coefficients are simultaneously fit to data and 95% confidence level intervals are computed. All results are consistent with the SM expectations.

The Collins-Soper kernel is a powerful tool for studying the properties of the QCD vacuum and an essential component of the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem. In this paper, we present a novel method for determining the Collins-Soper kernel directly from the comparison of differential cross sections measured at different energies. The method relies solely on the structure of the TMD factorization theorem and thus also provides a direct test of the theorem validity. With minor modifications, the procedure can be applied to the real measured data for Drell-Yan and SIDIS processes. As a demonstration, we analyze the pseudodata generated by the CASCADE event generator and determine the Collins-Soper kernel suggested by the parton branching model.

One of the main theoretical systematics in studies of final states with large jet multiplicities at high-energy hadron colliders is associated with the merging of QCD parton showers and hard-scattering matrix elements. We present a method to incorporate the physics of transverse momentum recoils due to initial-state shower evolution into multi-jet merging algorithms by using the concept of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions and the associated parton branching. We investigate the dependence on the merging scale and illustrate the impact of the new method at the level of both exclusive and inclusive final-state observables by studying differential jet rates, transverse momentum spectra and multiplicity distributions, using vector boson + jets events at the LHC as a case study.

SporeSata lab-on-a-chip (LOC) centrifuge platform designed for integration as the payload of a small (5.5 kg), freeflying satellitehas been developed to determine the gravitational thresholds for calcium-ion channel activation of a single-cell spore from the fern Ceratopteris richardii.This fern is an important model system for gravity-directed plant-cell development during variable-gravity conditions attainable only in space flight.Calcium-ion channel activity is measured by photolithographically defined calcium ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) at opposite ends of each spore.Artificial gravity is created by rotating a disk-like platform that contains the spores in wells along with the calcium ISEs.Ground experiments reveal a maximum calcium concentration ratio at 2.2xg, between micro-ion-selective electrodes near the "top" and "bottom" ends of the spore, indicating an increasing calcium concentration at one "end" of the fern spore with respect to the other.Confocal micrographs of rhizoid formation confirm the light-induced germination.SporeSat is a spaceflight experiment that will take ~ 4 days; data will be telemetered to Earth over ~ 100 days.

Two main frameworks for defining transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton densities are the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, and the Parton Branching (PB) approach. While PB-TMDs have an explicit dependence on a single scale which is used to evolve PB-TMDs in momentum space, TMDs defined in CSS formalism present a double-scale evolution in renormalization and rapidity scales, via a pair of coupled evolution equations. In this letter I leverage the Collins-Soper kernel determined from simulated Drell Yan transverse momentum spectra using PB-TMDs, and provide, for the first time, the transformation of TMD parton distributions from the PB framework to the CSS formalism. The evolved PB-TMDs in $b$-space are compared to the recently released, unpolarized TMD distribution ART23.

The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta kT. The small kT-region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic kT) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell-Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative "intrinsic-kT" distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.

The theoretical description of the physics of multi-jets in hadronic collisions at high energies is based on methods, which combine short-timescale production of jets with long-timescale evolution of partonic showers. We point out potential implications of the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions on the structure of multi-jet states at high energies, and in particular on the theoretical systematics associated with multi-jet merging. To analyze this, we propose a new merging methodology, and illustrate its impact by comparing our theoretical results with experimental measurements for Z-boson + jets production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Abstract We reconsider the associated Z boson and charm or beauty jet production at the LHC by paying special attention to the formation dynamics of heavy jets. Two different approaches are studied: first one, where heavy quarks are produced in the hard scattering subprocesses, implemented in the Monte-Carlo generator pegasus , and another method, where the hard scattering is calculated at NLO with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and TMD parton shower is included (implemented in the Monte-Carlo generator Cascade3 ). We compare the predictions obtained in both schemes with latest experimental data for associated $$Z + b$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> production cross sections and the relative production rate $$\sigma (Z + c)/\sigma (Z + b)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collected by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV. We introduce two kinematic observables (denoted as $$z_b$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and $$p_T^\mathrm{rel}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>rel</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) which can be used to discriminate between the heavy jet production mechanisms. Using these variables we trace the shape of the simulated b -jet events and recommend that these observables be taken into consideration in the forthcoming experimental analyses.

New detector approaches in Positron Emission Tomography imaging will play an important role in reducing costs, lowering administered radiation doses, and improving overall performance. PETALO employs liquid xenon as the active scintillating medium and UV-sensitive silicon photomultipliers for scintillation readout. The scintillation time in liquid xenon is fast enough to register time-of-flight information for each detected coincidence, and sufficient scintillation is produced with low enough fluctuations to obtain good energy resolution. The present simulation study examines a full-body-sized PETALO detector and evaluates its potential performance in PET image reconstruction.

The NEXT experiment aims to observe the neutrinoless double beta decay of xenon in a high-pressure Xe136 gas TPC using electroluminescence (EL) to amplify the signal from ionization. One of the main advantages of this technology is the possibility to reconstruct the topology of events with energies close to Qbb. This paper presents the first demonstration that the topology provides extra handles to reject background events using data obtained with the NEXT-DEMO prototype. Single electrons resulting from the interactions of Na22 1275 keV gammas and electron-positron pairs produced by conversions of gammas from the Th228 decay chain were used to represent the background and the signal in a double beta decay. These data were used to develop algorithms for the reconstruction of tracks and the identification of the energy deposited at the end-points, providing an extra background rejection factor of 24.3 +- 1.4 (stat.)%, while maintaining an efficiency of 66.7 +- 1% for signal events.

The measurement of the internal $^{222}$Rn activity in the NEXT-White detector during the so-called Run-II period with $^{136}$Xe-depleted xenon is discussed in detail, together with its implications for double beta decay searches in NEXT. The activity is measured through the alpha production rate induced in the fiducial volume by $^{222}$Rn and its alpha-emitting progeny. The specific activity is measured to be $(38.1\pm 2.2~\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm 5.9~\mathrm{(syst.)})$~mBq/m$^3$. Radon-induced electrons have also been characterized from the decay of the $^{214}$Bi daughter ions plating out on the cathode of the time projection chamber. From our studies, we conclude that radon-induced backgrounds are sufficiently low to enable a successful NEXT-100 physics program, as the projected rate contribution should not exceed 0.1~counts/yr in the neutrinoless double beta decay sample.

It has been observed in the literature that measurements of low-mass Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ are not well described by perturbative QCD calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. We examine this issue from the standpoint of the Parton Branching (PB) method, combining next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. We compare our predictions with experimental measurements at low DY mass, and find very good agreement.In addition we use the low mass DY measurements at low $\sqrt{s}$ to determine the width $q_s$ of the intrinsic Gauss distribution of the PB-TMDs at low evolution scales. We find values close to what has earlier been used in applications of PB -TMDs to high-energy processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and HERA. We find that at low DY mass and low $\sqrt{s}$ even in the region of $p_t/m_{DY} \sim 1$ the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe themeasurements, while at larger masses ($m_{DY} \sim m_{Z}$) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of $p_t/m_{DY}\sim 1$ is small.

In the present work, the application of the method of underwater arc discharge of graphite electrodes for obtaining several carbon nanostructures is described. The analysis of the obtained products by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface were composed mainly by polyhedral onion-like particles, while those taken from the precipitate were a mixture multiwalled nano-tubes, onion-like particles and other graphitic structures. The main features of the obtained nanostructures are discussed.

A model-independent expression for the Dalitz plot of semileptonic decays of neutral kaons, K_{l3}^0, including radiative corrections to order (\alpha/\pi)(q/M_1), where q is the momentum transfer and M_1 is the mass of the kaon, is presented. The model dependence of radiative corrections is kept in a general form within this approximation, which is suitable for model-independent experimental analyses. Expressions for bremsstrahlung radiative corrections are presented in two forms: one with the triple integral over the kinematical variables of the photon ready to be performed numerically and the other one in a fully analytical form. The final result is restricted to the so-called three-body region of the Dalitz plot and it is not compromised to fixing the values of the form factors at predetermined values.

In a sample of 467×106 BB pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider at SLAC we have observed the decay B 0→Λc+p π0 and measured the branching fraction to be (1.94±0.17±0.14±0.50)×10-4, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and the uncertainty on the Λc+→pK-π+ branching fraction, respectively. We determine an upper limit of 1.5×10-6 at 90% C.L. for the product branching fraction B(B 0→Σc+(2455)p )×B(Λc+→pK-π+). Furthermore, we observe an enhancement at the threshold of the invariant mass of the baryon-antibaryon pair.

In this talk I summarize recent findings around the description of axial vector mesons as dynamically generated states from the interaction of pseudoscalar mesons and vector mesons, dedicating some attention to the two K1(1270) states. Then I review the generation of open and hidden charm scalar and axial states, and how some recent experiment supports the existence of the new hidden charm scalar state predicted. I present recent results showing that the low lying 1/2+ baryon resonances for S = −1 can be obtained as bound states or resonances of two mesons and one baryon in coupled channels. Then show the differences with the S = 0 case, where the N*(1710) appears also dynamically generated from the two pion one nucleon system, but the N*(1440) does not appear, indicating a more complex structure of the Roper resonance. Finally I shall show how the state X(2175), recently discovered at BABAR and BES, appears naturally as a resonance of the φKK̄ system.

Calculations of Drell-Yan production at next-to-leading (NLO) order have been combined with transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distributions obtained with the Parton Branching (PB).The predictions show a remarkable agreement with DY measurement from E605 experiment, consistent with previous results we obtained for R209, Phenix, CMS and ATLAS experiments.We also present predictions for Z+jet measurements showing the importance of TMD parton shower contributions to the jet multiplicity.We show that PB-TMDs and the corresponding PB-TMD parton showers can be combined with leading-order (LO) matrix element using the newly developed TMD merging algorithm to obtain a very good description of measurements over a wide kinematic range.

As part of the DESY summer student program 2021, transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions obtained from the Parton Branching (PB) method were combined with next-to-leading-order (NLO) using the POWHEG method. Computations of the resulting Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectrum were performed. A good agreement of the theoretical predictions with the measurement performed by the CMS experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is found, at low and intermediate DY $p_{\rm T}$. The new scale choice option for the matching has been included in the CASCADE event generator.

Azimuthal correlations in Z+jet production at large transverse momenta are computed by matching Parton - Branching (PB) TMD parton distributions and showers with NLO calculations via MCatNLO. The predictions are compared with those for dijet production in the same kinematic range. The azimuthal correlations $Δϕ$ between the Z boson and the leading jet are steeper compared to those in dijet production at transverse momenta ${\cal O}(100)$ GeV, while they become similar for very high transverse momenta ${\cal O}(1000)$ GeV. The different patterns of Z+jet and dijet azimuthal correlations can be used to search for potential {\it factorization - breaking} effects in the back-to-back region, which depend on the different color and spin structure of the final states and their interferences with the initial states. In order to investigate these effects experimentally, we propose to measure the ratio of the distributions in $Δϕ$ for Z+jet - and multijet production at low and at high transverse momenta, and compare the results to predictions obtained assuming factorization. We examine the role of theoretical uncertainties by performing variations of the factorization scale, renormalization scale and matching scale. In particular, we present a comparative study of matching scale uncertainties in the cases of PB-TMD and collinear parton showers.

We present a novel method of extraction of the Collins-Soper kernel directly from the comparison of differential cross-sections measured at different energies. Using this method, we analyze the pseudo-data generated by the CASCADE event generator and extract the Collins-Soper kernel predicted by the parton-branching model in the wide range of transverse distances. The procedure can be applied, with minor modifications, to the real measured data for Drell-Yan and SIDIS processes.

One of the main theoretical systematics in studies of final states with large jet multiplicities at high-energy hadron colliders is associated with the merging of QCD parton showers and hard-scattering matrix elements. We present a method to incorporate the physics of transverse momentum recoils due to initial-state shower evolution into multi-jet merging algorithms by using the concept of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions and the associated parton branching. We investigate the dependence on the merging scale and illustrate the impact of the new method at the level of both exclusive and inclusive final-state observables by studying differential jet rates, transverse momentum spectra and multiplicity distributions, using vector boson + jets events at the LHC as a case study.

The parton branching formulation of TMD evolution has recently been used to make predictions for jet observables at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), including perturbative matching at next-to-leading order (NLO). This contribution presents results for the azimuthal \Delta-\phi correlations in events with di-jets at large transverse momentum. It focuses on the back-to-back region of large \Delta-\phi and discusses prospects for detailed studies of QCD dynamics in this region at the LHC.

We discuss our recent results on azimuthal distributions in vector boson + jets and multi-jet production at the LHC, obtained from the matching of next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative matrix elements with transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton branching. We present a comparative analysis of boson-jet and jet-jet correlations in the back to-back region, and a study of the theoretical systematic uncertainties associated with the matching scale in the cases of TMD and collinear parton showers.

We discuss our recent results on azimuthal distributions in vector boson + jets and multi-jet production at the LHC, obtained from the matching of next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative matrix elements with transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton branching.We present a comparative analysis of boson-jet and jet-jet correlations in the back-to-back region, and a study of the theoretical systematic uncertainties associated with the matching scale in the cases of TMD and collinear parton showers.

We present angular correlations in multi-jet events at highest center-of-mass energies and compare the measurements to theoretical predictions including higher order parton radiation and coherence effects.

We present a determination of parton densities at NLO obtained with the Parton Branching method using precision measurements of deep inelastic scattering cross sections at HERA.The two sets of parton densities shown in this work are obtained with the same angular angular ordering condition for the evolution scale and they differ in the chosen scale for the α s evaluation, for which we consider two scenarios: the evolution scale, and the transverse momentum q T from the angular ordering prescription.The transverse momentum dependent densities obtained with the Parton Branching method are applied to two LHC processes: the Drell-Yan p T spectrum and the azimuthal correlation in high p T dijet events.For the Drell-Yan p T spectrum a significant effect from the α s scale choice is observed.

We present measurements of multi-jet event properties, performed using proton-proton collisions data recorded by the CMS experiment. The jet charge and jet mass distributions are considered in addition to a measurement of the azimuthal angular correlations in 2- and 3-jet events. The measurements are compared to predictions including higher orders matched to parton shower and hadronization, together with predictions from semi-analytical calculations beyond next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy.

We present a determination of parton densities at NLO obtained with the Parton Branching method using precision measurements of deep inelastic scattering cross sections at HERA. The two sets of parton densities shown in this work are obtained with the same angular angular ordering condition for the evolution scale and they differ in the chosen scale for the strong coupling evaluation, for which we consider two scenarios: the evolution scale, and the transverse momentum qT from the angular ordering prescription. The transverse momentum dependent densities obtained with the Parton Branching method are applied to two LHC processes: the Drell-Yan pT spectrum and the azimuthal correlation in high pT dijet events. For the Drell-Yan pT spectrum a significant effect from the strong coupling scale choice is observed.

We present measurements of multi-jet event properties, performed using proton-proton collisions data recorded by the CMS experiment. The jet charge and jet mass distributions are considered in addition to a measurement of the azimuthal angular correlations in 2- and 3-jet events. The measurements are compared to predictions including higher orders matched to parton shower and hadronization, together with predictions from semi-analytical calculations beyond next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy.

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions obtained from the Parton Branching (PB) method are combined with next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of jet production to obtain predictions for LHC jet final states.In addition, a new initial state Parton Shower, which is based on the TMD distributions, and final state Parton Showers are included together with hadronization.We compare our predictions with jet and Z+jet measurements performed at the LHC, finding good agreement.We present results indicating the need for multi-jet merging with PB-TMDs.

It has been observed that measurements of low-mass Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ are not well described by perturbative QCD calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. This issue can be examined with the Parton Branching (PB) method combining next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution. The predictions are compared with measurements of low mass DY production, and they are in very good agreement. Predictions have also been compared with the measurement of DY production at high energies at the LHC. We find that at low-mass DY and low $\sqrt{s}$ even in the region of $p_{T}/m_{DY}\sim 1$ the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe the measurements, while at larger masses ($m_{DY}\sim m_{Z}$) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of $p_{T}/m_{DY}\sim 1$ is small.

We discuss implications of the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions on the structure of multi-jet states at high energies. In particular we analyze the theoretical systematics associated with multi-jet merging. We introduce a new merging methodology incorporating TMDs, illustrate its main features and present a comparison of our theoretical results with experimental measurements for Z-boson + jets production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

New detector approaches in Positron Emission Tomography imaging will play an important role in reducing costs, lowering administered radiation doses, and improving overall performance. PETALO employs liquid xenon as the active scintillating medium and UV-sensitive silicon photomultipliers for scintillation readout. The scintillation time in liquid xenon is fast enough to register time-of-flight information for each detected coincidence, and sufficient scintillation is produced with low enough fluctuations to obtain good energy resolution. The present simulation study examines a full-body-sized PETALO detector and evaluates its potential performance in PET image reconstruction.

Calculations of Drell-Yan (DY) production at next-to-leading (NLO) order have been combined with Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distributions obtained with the Parton Branching (PB). The predictions show a remarkable agreement with DY measurement from E605 experiment, consistent with previous results we obtained for R209, PHENIX, CMS and ATLAS experiments. We also present predictions for Z+jet measurements showing the importance of TMD parton shower contributions to the jet multiplicity. We show that PB-TMD parton density and the corresponding PB-TMD parton shower can be combined with leading-order (LO) matrix element using the newly developed TMD merging algorithm to obtain a very good description of measurements over a wide kinematic range.

During the DESY summer student program 2021, young scientists from more than 13 different countries worked together, connecting from remote, to provide computer codes within the Rivet framework for 19 HERA measurements. Most of these measurements were originally available within the HZTool package, but no longer accessible for modern analysis packages such as Rivet. The temporary RivetHZTool interface was used to validate most of the new Rivet plugins.

Calculations of Drell-Yan (DY) production at next-to-leading (NLO) order have been combined with Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distributions obtained with the Parton Branching (PB). The predictions show a remarkable agreement with DY measurement from E605 experiment, consistent with previous results we obtained for R209, PHENIX, CMS and ATLAS experiments. We also present predictions for Z+jet measurements showing the importance of TMD parton shower contributions to the jet multiplicity. We show that PB-TMD parton density and the corresponding PB-TMD parton shower can be combined with leading-order (LO) matrix element using the newly developed TMD merging algorithm to obtain a very good description of measurements over a wide kinematic range.